Ancient Rome

The Babylonian civilisation had already disappeared by the time of the Romans. Their area, Mesopotamia has come under the Persians. Trajan conquered it from the Persians, but Hadrian gave it back to them to maintain peace. Later Mesopotamia was conquered again.

Ancient civilizations often used a nearby river to be diverted to a degree with irrigation ditches which led to farmlands that required water for the growing of crops.

In ancient Egypt the yearly flooding of the Nile river provided a source of water for the irrigation of farmlands.

This was the typical irrigation system of ancient times.

An ancient Roman city is a city which was founded by the Romans or which became a Roman city because the majority of its population became Roman as Romans moved into a city which had been founded by peoples other than the Romans in substantial numbers. The Roman founded many cities around the Roman Empire. Some of them were colonies. These were settlements which were built to give landless Romans plots of land to farm.

In the early period of the Roman Republic the poor plebeians had economic grievances: indebtedness, the interest rates of loans and shortages of land for the poor to farm. The issue for the rich plebeians was power-sharing with the patricians (the aristocrats) who monopolised political power by monopolising the consulship (the office of the two annually elected heads of the Republic), the seats of the senate and the priesthoods. They managed to gain access to the consulship, the other offices of state which were created as the Republic developed and some of the priesthoods during the 200-year conflict of the orders. The problems of shortage of land was temporarily resolved by establishing colonies (settlements) around Italy when Rome expanded into central and southern Italy. However, it re-emerged during the Late Republic and led to a renewal of tensions. Indebtedness remained an enduring problem. ;

Monarchy.

During the Pax Romana the army was used mainly to protect and stabilize the borders. This is not so say that there were no additions of territory (which was soon given up) or that there were no wars or battles. It merely means that the main business of the army was on the borders.

Loincloths or tunics and anything else their owners gave them. Just because they were twins, does not necessarily mean that they were dressed alike, although a very wealthy owner might dress them identically for show. A slave's normal clothing was the tunic and cloak with shoes for outdoor waer and sandals for indoor use. They were dressed the same as any other person in the street.

An amphora was a two-handled pot or storage container that was used in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. During the Roman Empire, amphoras were used to hold olive oil, water, wine and other liquids.

The Romans used chariots for racing and a triumphing general would stand in a rather large chariot in his triumph parade. Perhaps a wealthy person would have a chariot for fun or personal recreation, but other than that, the Romans made very little use of them. They did not use them in war as other civilizations did, and they were impractical for transportation purposes.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

A dictator was a sole ruler appointed by the senate in times of crises when the senate could not agree on an action to solve the problem. The dictator was usually appointed for a period of six months but his term could be renewed if he needed more time to get results. He was expected to resign the dictatorship as soon as his job was done.

There was no such emperor as Antonius. There was an Antoninus Pius.

Antoninus built temples, theatres, and mausoleums, promoted the arts and sciences, and bestowed honours on and sponsored teachers of rhetoric and philosophy. In criminal law, he introduced the principle that the accused is not to be treated as guilty before a trial and that the trial was to be held, and the punishment inflicted, in the place where the crime had been committed. His reign was one of the most peaceful ones. There were only minor rebellions in Mauretania, Judaea, and Britannia. He did not get involved in any fighting and left this to the provincial governors. He extended the frontier of the empire in Germany by 15 miles. The only aggressive policy was to push into the Scottish uplands. He had the Antonine Wall built between the Firth of Forth and the First of Clyde. Soon afterwards, for unknown reasons, the Romans withdrew from southern Scotland and went back to Hadrian's Wall.

Mythology says that Rome was founded by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. However in reality the city was more than likely founded by a group of Latins who banded together for mutual protection.

Marcus Tullius Cicero was a statesman, orator, philosopher, constitutionalist, political theorist, moralist, and lawyer. He started his career as a lawyer later and wrote extensively on constitutional matters. He translated many works of Greek philosophers and created a Latin philosophic vocabulary, thus making Greek philosophy more widely available. He also wrote about political theory. He was one of the greatest prose writers and orators in Roman history. His great linguistic skills, prose, and writings on moral and civic issues, have made him one of the most influential writers in European history.

Politically, he was an Optimate. This was a conservative political faction which favoured the interests of the aristocracy and was opposed to the reforms pressed for by the populares. The populares were a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and wanted reforms to help them. With his oratory prowess, Cicero became the leader of the optimates after the assassination of Julius Caesar (who was a popularis). Cicero and Marc Antony, the leader of the Caesarians (supporters of Caesar) became the two leading men in Rome. Cicero was the spokesman of the senate, which stood up for the optimates. He tried to play between Octavian (also called Augustus) and Marc Antony off against each other and delivered a famous series of denunciations against Antony in which he also praised Octavian. He severely dented the reputation of Marc Antony. He urged the senate to call Marc Antony an enemy of the state. However, is plan to defeat Antony did not work. Marc Antony and Octavian reconciled and allied, forming the Second Triumvirate (a three-man alliance) with Lepidus. In 43 BC a law gave the Triumvirate a five-year term of supreme political authority, making it a three-man directorate.

The Triumvirate began persecuting its rivals. Cicero and his supporters were put on the list of enemies of the state. It was said that Octavian argued for two days against Cicero being added to the list, but a vengeful Marc Antony wanted him dead. Cicero became the most doggedly pursued man, but many people refused to report seeing him because he was very popular. He was caught at his villa while he was trying to embark on a ship to Greece. He was betrayed by a freedman of his brother. He exposed his neck and throat to the soldiers. He was slayed and his head and hands were cut off and were hanged for display at the forum in Rome. His last words were said to have been, "There is nothing proper about what you are doing, soldier, but do try to kill me properly."

Cicero. His full name was Marcus Tullius Cicero, but we just refer to him as Cicero.

The Tiber. Both Romulus and his twin brother, Remus were place in the Tiber. They ended up in a swamp by the Palatine Hill and got caught in a tree branch, which stopped them.

people

in us dollars 1$ (one dollar) is worth one drachma so the dollar and drachma are the sane amount of valubilaty (how much it is worth)

A drachma was worth a day's wages for an unskilled laborer. It is not a 1:1 ratio.

Yes, he was the man which created personal rule by one man after the Final Civil War of the Roman Republic. For all practical purposes Augustus Caesar became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC BCE. His powers were further increased in 30 BC BCE he had obtained power and control over assemblies.

The emperor trajan's conquest of datia expanded the empire by 200,000 square miles. The rich's brought back by his army financed the construction of trajan's mall also known as trajan's forum which served as a huge center of commerce for roman citizens as well as a blueprint for today's modern mall.

Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus was called by Pliny the Elder 'tristissimus hominum', "the gloomiest of men". The second Caesar, he would have been beloved of history if he had only had the decency to die young. Modesty prohibits specific detail, but, suffice it to say the historian Tacitus records that upon the news of Tiberius' death the crowd rejoiced, only to become suddenly silent and sullen upon hearing that he had recovered, then, rejoiced again at the news that Caligula and Macro had smothered him to death. Please follow the link below and save my blushes.

Rome was on the border of Etruria. The river Tiber was the boundary between Etruria and Latium (land of the Latins. To the east, on the Apennine Mountains, there were the Sabines. To the south there were other Latin city-states.

Geographically Rome is between the Apennine Mountains and the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. To the south there are the Alban Hills. To the north there is Lake Bracciano.

Diocletian could not save Rome, too much damage was done. However he did try to. Diocletian could not save Rome because he could not live forever, and he knew it, which may have been one of the reasons why he became the first emperor to retire. He did all he could to reorganize the empire and make it efficient again, but he had no control over what would be done to it after his death.

Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) are derived from Latin. English has a significant infusion of words of Latin origin partly because the educated elites read and wrote in Latin and partly because the Normans introduced French words. Roman law had been very influential so many legal term are of Latin origin. Many scientific words are Latin or Greek.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

At a feast or banquet the Romans usually drank watered wine. However if they wanted something else, such as a fruit juice, it would be readily available.

Ancient Rome was the "crossroads" of the ancient world. Everything and anything could be found in Rome. Shopping was so popular that the world's first mall was built in Rome. An entire mountain was moved rock by rock to make it. It is 3 stories and it can still be seen today.