Ancient Wars

Try reading Suetonius The Twelve Caesars - Penguin paperback edition is a good, easy to read translation by Robert Graves

The Persians wanted a peaceful world, and their aim was to put an end to the incessant fighting between the Greek cities which spilled over into the Persian empire's Greek cities. So perhaps Greece would have been spared the endliss ongoing wars which ravaged it if a Persian peace had been imposed.

Of course the Greek cities which banded together to repel the Persians wouldn't see it that way.

From a purely military perspective, the Persian army was also much larger and much more formidable than any Greek force that could be assembled to meet them. Surrendering in advance of the conflict would have prevented all of the possibly pointless loss of life from opposing the Persians.

The Greek city states were independent and zealous to maintain this. Their sense of community was essentially a racial one with common gods, with an Amphyctionic League as a cultural co-ordinator.

For normal life, the cities were habitually at war with each other. The Peloponnesian War had little basicsense of community to destroy. The cosmetic one remained in the isolastic Games and festivals. Political community rested in ever-changing alliances before and after the Peloponnesian War.

I think it was the Latins but I'm not sure. I'm looking for an answer too.

They didn't wage war on each other.

Only for the first couple of years of the 27-year war. He died of the plague which swept through Athens.

They finally seized Carhtage after about a hundred and twenty years of warfare.

Sparta .

The Peloponnesian War was a conflict between the two city-states of Athens and Sparta .

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Pella is the second capital of macedonia.

first capital is Aegae. founded by caranus

roman historian Justin wrote about it:

But Caranus, accompanied by a great multitude of Greeks, having been directed by an oracle to seek a settlement in Macedonia, and having come into Emathia, and followed a flock of goats that were fleeing from a tempest, possessed himself of the city of Edessa, before the inhabitants, on account of the thickness of the rain and mist, were aware of his approach; and being reminded of the oracle, by which he had been ordered “to seek a kingdom with goats for his guides,” he made this city the seat of his government, and afterwards religiously took care, whithersoever he led his troops, to keep the same goats before his standards, that he might have those animals as leaders in his enterprises which he had had as guides to the site of his kingdom. He changed the name of the city, in commemoration of his good fortune, from Edessa to Aegeae, and called the inhabitants Aegeatae. Having subsequently expelled Midas (for he also occupied a part of Macedonia), and driven other kings from their territories, he established himself, as sole monarch, in the place of them all, and was the first that, by uniting tribes of different people, formed Macedonia as it were into one body, and laid a solid foundation for the extension of his growing kingdom.

Justin-Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, [book 7]

Overpopulation in such a poor countryside.

The Greek historian Herodotus mentions 192 Athenians and 11 Plataeans .

With it's rival Carthage defeated , Rome achieved hegemony throughout the western Mediterranean and prospered commercially .

According to Acts of the Apostles, he preached in the synagogues. The Salamis mentioned was not the one near Athens where the naval battle against the Persians occurred, but the one on the east coast of Cyprus.

This demonstrates what a missionary religion Judaism was that there were several synagogues on the island.

There Paul ran into a prophet Son of Jesus who was in the household of the Roman governor of the Island. He clashed with Paul who, to show what fine Christian vertues he had, struck the prophet blind. So much for the moral standards of Paul.

After being diverted for 50 years from fighting each other into fighting the Persians, their victory let them get back to their usual destructive inter-city warfare.

Full Spartan citizens (Spartiates) formed the voting citizenry. Perioici (those living about) were landowners and entitled to be warriors but had no vote. Helots were serfs - the original population allotted to each Spartiate to work their land. Seven were taken with each Spartan warrior on campaign - first to strip the country of a potential uprising in the absence of the army, secondly to use as servants, and thirdly to act as light infantry using javelins, bows and rocks.

Probably the main cause of Alexander the Greats victory at Salamis, was not based on his navy. Most historians cite the fact that Alexander's ability to have his army capture the Persian naval bases was the key reason.

They were the citizens of the city of Troy. Troy was located on the Dardanelles, and as well as the produce from its farmland, made a good living servicing the ships which sheltered on the protected beach near the city, waiting for favourable winds and tide coming to and from the Black Sea trade. As a rich city, it attracted the attention of the Greek pirate raids, and being walled for protection, is traditionally believed to have withstood a siege for several months in the 12th Century BCE and than been captured and looted. Archaeologists have located and dug a mound which contains several levels of a city site which was inhabited off and on over several centuries.

By obstructing the pass, the Persian army's advance into southern Greece was delayed.

As the Persian fleet threatened the Greek cities and the cities kept their armies at home guarding against an amphibious attack on them, the Greeks plan was to provoke a sea battle to destroy the Persian fleet. The idea was that holding the pass would force the Persians to try to outflank the position by sea, and the Greek fleet would pounce.

Unfortunately for the Greeks the sea battle went against them, so holding the pass was to no avail. The troops holding the pass were therefore withdrawn.

The Spartan contingent selflessly continued to hold to let the other city contingents escape.

What do you really want to know.

Cyrus the Great, king of Persia from about 560 to 530 BCE, conquered Babylon in 539 BCE.

The Aegean Sea (supplemented by the resistance of the southern city-states of mainland Greece to Persian takeover).

This is the right answer: Trust me, I got it from my science teacher: Its the Phalanges.

The pass of Thermopylae was the location of the famous stand by three hundred Spartans and 7,00o other Greek soldiers against the Persian army.
The Spartans 300 was in fact 2,400 counting their light infantry. The Spratans were part of a blocking force of 7,000 from other Greek city-states holding the pass.