What are some ways to contract the flu?
The flu virus can be contracted primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face, particularly the mouth, nose, or eyes. Close contact with infected individuals increases the likelihood of transmission. Additionally, being in crowded places during flu season heightens the risk of catching the virus.
Bird flu primarily targets the lower respiratory system due to the presence of specific receptors in the cells of the trachea and lungs that are more compatible with the virus. These receptors, known as avian-type sialic acid receptors, are more abundant in the lower respiratory tract, allowing the virus to efficiently enter and infect those cells. In contrast, the upper respiratory system has different receptor types that are less suited for avian influenza viruses, which may explain the virus's limited impact in that area.
Why wild birds are carrier for bird flu and are not affected?
Wild birds, particularly waterfowl, can carry the avian influenza virus without showing symptoms because they have developed a level of immunity to it. They serve as natural reservoirs for the virus, allowing it to persist in the environment. In contrast, domestic birds can be more susceptible to severe illness when exposed to the virus, which is why monitoring wild bird populations is crucial for understanding and managing the risk of outbreaks in domestic poultry.
What are the pros and cons of bird flu in China?
Oh, dude, bird flu in China, like, it's a serious thing, right? The pros are... um, well, maybe it helps control the bird population? But the cons are pretty obvious - people getting sick, potential spread to other countries, you know, the usual pandemic stuff. So, yeah, not exactly a fun topic for a comedy show, but hey, gotta keep it real.
Does the avian flu have a lytic or lysogenic cycle?
I believe it is lytic. Think: colds are fast acting; they don't sit in your cell for years on end. This means they are lytic (fast acting).
Does H5N1 has a capsid or protein coat?
Yes, H5N1 is an influenza virus, which means it has a protein coat called a capsid surrounding its genetic material. The capsid helps protect the virus and enables it to infect host cells.
The virus has DNA as its genetic material. More interesting, the DNA is single-stranded.
"Parvo" is short for "parvovirus" and usually "canine parvovirus type 2."
Why is the world so frightened of the H5N1 virus?
The H5N1 virus is considered highly pathogenic and has the potential to cause severe illness in humans. It also has a high mortality rate, making it a serious concern for public health organizations and authorities worldwide. The fear is largely due to the virus's ability to rapidly spread and potentially lead to a global pandemic if not contained effectively.
What biochemical does bird guano have?
Bird guano contains uric acid, which is the primary biochemical compound found in the waste of birds. Uric acid helps birds excrete nitrogen waste in a concentrated form, allowing them to conserve water.
How many people died from bird flu in the world now?
It is rare among people and is not believed to spread from human to human except in a few isolated cases. Since 2003 to 2013 there have been only 360 confirmed deaths worldwide attributed to bird flu H5N1. A new strain found at Easter time 2013 in Shanghai, China was identified as the causative organism in the death of two men and critical illness of a woman, still under care in Chuzhou, China. So between the two known strains that are infective to humans there have been only 362 deaths. However, approximately 50 to 60 % of humans infected do succumb to the disease.
Where did avian flu come from?
Here is how I think we can do this (and what I hope I am doing):We can support ETHICAL ADOPTION by rernintug it to a SOCIAL SERVICE for CHILDREN in need of a loving home because they are either TRUE orphans (meaning they have NO LIVING OR FIT relatives) or they have had the misfortune of being permanently removed from abuse and/or neglectful situations after due process. We can support people who plan to adopt by helping them become honestly educated about adoption and its issues and encouraging ONLY ethical adoption practices. I feel that unethical adoptions deserve no support whatsoever. We can support people (children) who are in need of adoption (ie: true orphans and foster children who's parents' rights have been terminated by the court due to abuse and/or neglect and have no fit family available to care for them in many ways such as:*By encouraging adoption from foster care. Especially for teens and special needs children.*Educating the public about adoption/foster care/family issues and ethics in an honest and thorough manner in order to give these children the best possible scenario from which to find a loving family as well as an understanding community in which to live.*By volunteering time with these children via reputable programs such as GAL/CASA, Big Brothers, Big Sisters, etc. or by becoming involved with your local schools, tutoring, mentoring, etc.*By donating items or gift cards for the children to your local DSS foster care program to distribute. (Many of these children have few possessions including clothing and school supplies.)*By supporting their human right to retain access to their original birth certificates, medical records and personal history, foster care records and identity. *By calling for adoption reform to return it to the actual social service it was intended to be: Finding suitable homes for children who are truly in need.*And finally, by helping reduce the numbers of those who NEED adoption by, again: Educating yourself and others about family issues, including adoption, and by supporting the families in your community through friendship and encouragement.
Avian influenza is flu infection in birds. The virus that causes the bird infectin can change (mutate) to infect humans. Such mutation could start a deadly worldwide epidemic.
Alternative NamesBird flu; H5N1
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe first avian influenza virus to infect humans occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The epidemic was linked to chickens and classified as avian influenza A (H5N1).
Human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have since been reported in Asia, Africa, Europe, Indonesia, Vietnman, the Pacific, and the near East. Hundreds of people have become sick with this virus. Slightly more than 60% of those who became ill have died.
The more the avian flu virus spreads, the greater the chances of a worldwide outbreak in humans. There is a tremendous concern that H5N1 poses an enormous pandemic threat.
The following people have a higher risk for developing the bird flu:
Health care workers and household contacts of patients with avian influenza may also be at an increased risk of the bird flu.
The avian flu virus (H5N1) has been shown to survive in the environment for long periods of time. Infection may be spread simply by touching contaminated surfaces. Birds who were infected with this flu can continue to release the virus in their feces and saliva for as long as 10 days.
SymptomsSymptoms of avian flu infection in humans depend on the strain of virus.
Infection with the H5N1 virus in humans causes typical flu-like symptoms, which might include:
If you think you have been exposed to avian influenza, call your health care provider before your visit. This will give the staff a chance to take proper precautions that will protect them and other patients during your office visit.
Tests to identify the avian flu exist but are not widely available. A test for diagnosing strains of bird flu in people suspected of having the virus gives preliminary results within 4 hours. Older tests took 2 to 3 days.
Your doctor might also perform the following tests:
Other tests may be done to look at the functions of your heart, kidneys, and liver.
TreatmentDifferent types of avian flu virus may cause different symptoms. Therefore, treatment may vary.
In general, treatment with the antiviral medication oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) may make the disease less severe if you start taking the medicine within 48 hours after your symptoms start.
Oseltamivir may also be prescribed for persons who live in the same house as those diagnosed with avian flu.
The virus that causes human avian flu appears to be resistant to the antiviral medicines amantadine and rimantadine. Therefore these medications should not be used if an H5N1 outbreak occurs.
People with severe infection may need to be placed on a breathing machine. Experts recommend that persons diagnosed with avian flu be put in isolation.
Doctors recommend that people get an influenza (flu) shot to reduce the chance of an avian flu virus mixing with a human flu virus, which would create a new virus that may easily spread.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a vaccine to protect humans from the avian flu. Experts say the vaccine could be used if the current H5N1 virus starts spreading between people.
Expectations (prognosis)The outlook depends on the severity of infection and the type of avian influenza virus that caused it. Death is possible.
ComplicationsCall your health care provider if you develop flu-like symptoms within 10 days of handling infected birds or traveling to an area with a known avian flu outbreak.
PreventionAt this time, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has no recommendations against travel to the countries affected by H5N1 .
However, travelers should avoid visits to live-bird markets in areas with an avian flu outbreak. People who work with birds who might be infected should use protective clothing and special breathing masks. Avoiding undercooked or uncooked meat reduces the risk of exposure to avian flu and other foodborne diseases.
Current information regarding avian flu is available at www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/outbreaks/current.htm.
ReferencesTreanor JJ. Influenza viruses, including avian influence and swine influenza. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 165.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First U.S. Vaccine for Humans Against the Avian Influenza Virus H5N1. Rockville, MD: National Press Office; April 17, 2007. Release P07-68
Levin S. Zoonoses. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 349.
Hayden FG. Influenza. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 387.
Ferri FF. Avian influenza. In: Ferri FF, ed. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2010. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:section 1.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 02/01/2011
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
How is the avian flu transmitted?
birds get bird flu by getting diseases from ship countries such as china.
birds get bird flu from transported birds, so your birds catch the disease
What are the symptoms of parrot fever in birds?
You want to look at the obvious first. Clear eyes, feathering in order, check the feet for scaling. Do they still have the amount of 'dust' on their feathers. A healthy cockatoo, cockatiel, and the greys have a powdery dust on their feathers. That's one of the first things I would look for. Has the talking and everyday mannerisms changed at all? Also watch for them to tuck their head under their wings while they sleep or at different times of the day. They really don't do that as a natural habit. Has their feeding habits changed?
If the birds every day habits have changed and you sense a difference in your bird, I would take it immediately to a vet that is knowledgeable in exotic birds because birds, like a lot of animals will hide their illness because they would be prey to others in their natural habitats. It is costly, but it is worth it for an African Grey.
What is the future outlook of bird flu?
It is expected that bird flu will continue to be a part of human experience in the near and distant future. Aggressive measures to keep it from spreading are expected to be successful in containing it.
The mild symptoms are treated like other types of influenza with over-the-counter drugs. Mild symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. More severe cases involve severe pneumonia requiring hospital care.
Preliminary studies indicate that it is susceptible to the neuraminidase inhibitor anti-viral medications (Oseltamivir, aka Tamiflu, and Zanamivir,
aka Relenza). But the investigation is still in the very early stages in early April 2013.
There is no vaccine to prevent the viral infection but the Chinese Government, World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are all working to isolate a candidate virus strain to use to grow and develop a vaccine if one is needed.
When did the last strain of bird flu break out?
There was a lot of worry about swine flu in 1976. In fact, the government made a vaccine and had people get vaccinated. However, there were a lot of bad side effects from the vaccine. And fortunately the swine flu never reached epidemic proportions.
What is the name of Hong Kong flu?
It was a strain of H3N2 influenza that caused an epidemic in 1968-1969 and began in Hong Kong (hence the name). It is commonly confused with Bird Flu (aka Avian Influenza-H5N1) because of similar symptoms of conjunctivitis and the ability to spread via birds.
Although the strain called Hong Kong flu has not been seen recently, there are other strains of H3N2 that do still circulate today. One is known as Fujian Flu and others are called "Perth-like" influenza. The 2011-2012 seasonal flu vaccine for the US and Northern Hemisphere contains one of the H3N2 Perth-like strains.
A Type A influenza virus causes Avian "bird" Flu. The specific virus strains of bird flu that infect humans are called Avian influenza, A-H5N1 virus and Avian influenza, A-H7N9 (newly identified in humans near Easter Sunday 2013 in China). Viruses can change or mutate over time. The strain of avian bird flu that caused the scare in Europe was H5N1. There are many different types (subtypes) of this virus, but the one that has been in the news the most is H5N1 because it infects not only birds but can also infect humans, killing them in 50 to 60% of the cases. It is not easily transmitted from person to person, so it has not spread in humans like other types of influenza have so far.
Additional information:
Although they can be considered organisms, they are not living organisms, for that reason not all scientists classify a virus as a "microbe". Most of them do for lack of a better way to talk about them instead of "germ" or other less specific nomenclature. As stated above, unlike the other organisms called microbes, they are not living organisms. They are specialized groups of "cells" that perform functions working in an organized way, but they latch on to and break into a living host's cells and use the life, energy, and nutrients from the host in an almost parasitic way. The genetic material that they have stored inside themselves combines with that of the host's cells to cause the host cells to stop reproducing more cells like itself for the host. Instead, the virus instructs them to start making duplicate viruses like the one that invaded the host.
H5N1 is an extremely virulent influenza virus that can infect birds, occasionally pigs, rarely infections in other animals, and very rarely humans. Fortunately, it does not spread very easily, and only extremely rare human to human transmissions have been known to occur. No instance of the virus spreading beyond a first generation of close human contacts has been reported. It does, however, have a very high mortality rate in animals and in humans (60% death rate in humans).
Yes, people can catch it from contact with the excrement or saliva of infected birds. It can be passed from human to human but only very rarely and only when they are living in very close physical contact, e.g., living in the same home.
What is the difference between Flu A and Flu B?
They are caused by two different kinds of viruses. There are three types of influenza viruses that have been classified according to the types of proteins they have. There are Type A, Type B, and Type C influenza viruses. Type A and B each have many different strains. Type C does not.
Type A influenza is one of the more common types we see in the seasonal flu among humans and it is also a very common type that many other animals get. It has subtypes and strains that differ, which is why having one subtype will not give you immunity from all the other subtypes and strains.
Type B influenza is also a common type among humans and is found only in humans. It is not divided into subtypes but there are multiple strains.
Type C has been found in humans, pigs, and dogs. The symptoms are usually very mild, milder than those of Type A and B influenza viruses, and it typically doesn't cause epidemics. It is not divided into different subtypes or strains.