Cave Exploring

Pablo Picasso

Yes. The cave featured in the movie Sanctum was not actually Esa'ala Cave (the movie was filmed in a cave in Southern Australia), but there is a real Esa'ala Cave. It is located in the Milne Bay Provence of Papua New Guinea.

You would need a first aid kit, water, emergancy water, at LEAST two days worth of food, rope harness and flare gun(if you need to use the flare gun be smart dont fire it straight up if there is no opening)

I am intrigued. I don't know where you (first to reply) go caving but the list you give may be of value on the surface if the caves are in very remote country. If so then you need to plan for the surface-camp, walking etc as well as the caving, but that's a separate matter.

That list's not much use for most caving trips. You may want a flare gun in remote countryside - but never underground, where it would be dangerous and useless, even with an open shaft entrance.

Sticking to the underground needs and assuming a normal caving trip of <12 hours duration without camping in the cave...

FIRST: a proper helmet and lamp designed for caving; as caves be dark, very dark and often contain low roofs or places with a stone-fall risk.

2: Proper footwear. Very often now, rubber Wellington boots though you could use industrial safety-boots. They won't last as long and are heavy. The main points are good support and good grip on wet, often muddy, rock.

3 : Decent lamp & helmet... a good idea to carry a compact spare & spare batteries in water-tight container. Some cavers attach a small torch to the side of the helmet as an emergency light.

4: Appropriate clothing for the cave, from a wetsuit if you're going to be in deep water a lot, to light clothing with perhaps a boiler-suit if the cave is dry & warm. Most cavers now use a one-piece fleece-fabric undersuit with a waterproof PVC one-piece oversuit, for most trips.

5: "Rope harness"... Hmmm, yes if the cave contains pitches. It may do if you are its explorers so will not know what it holds, but if you are, you would not be asking questions here about how to go caving! You'll find the ropes, descender, ascenders, etc to suit the cave and your own style of rigging and rope techniques; will come in useful too. (There are marked differences between European & US single-rope techniques.) Or of course, ladders and lifelines etc.

6: Food. Yes, sufficient to sustain you during the trip. E.g., Chocolate bars, boiled sweets, oatmeal bars. Water: very possibly, for long trips in very dry caves.

7: First-aid kit. A survival-bag and a few rolled bandages plus a pair of safety-scissors, all in waterprood wrappings, are the only items likely to be much use to you. Anything further is in the rescue-organisation's kit.

8: Still on underground kit only. Possibly a folded, laminated copy of the cave's survey / description if it is a complex system presenting route-finding problems. If not available, small cairns of pebbles or sand at junctions, and removed on exit, are permissable assuming they won't confuse or be demolished by other parties visiting the cave at the same time. Marking the walls is obviously wrong.

9: Decent lamp, mounted on a proper caving-helmet; mentioned again so you don't forget. Funny how the original reply omits this most obvious kit!

10: Membership of a proper caving-club so you can learn all this lot and enjoy your caving to the full.

Finally... daunted by that lot? Take up another hobby!

Tanggapan Cave was a reception and meeting place for the Katipuneros during the Philippine-Spanish revolution. Along with other caves in the area, it is now part of Biak-na-Bato National Park.

Jim White

is credited as being one of the first explorers of Carlsbad Cavern. Others made claims that they too explored the famous cave, but little evidence exists to prove or disprove these claims. Jim White spent much of his life working in the cave, as a guano miner and later as a park guide, so his are the stories still told today. He is the iconic early cave explorer.

I've not heard of a "Dead" cavern - and as far as I can ascertain "spelunking" is not recognised except perhaps as American-only slang abuse of novices or dilettantes. The proper word is "caving" throughout the English-speaking world.

As for the "dead cavern", I wonder if this what is also, at least in Britain and Europe, called a "Fossil" or "Abandoned" series; i.e. one that has been left high and dry by its formative stream diverting to a new, lower course or vanishing altogether.

Speleology is the study of caves and their exploration. A speleologist has no particular expertise or nuanced opinion as concerns friendship.

In English, an Aven is a shaft rising from the roof of a passage or chamber, and it may end blind or enter a higher-level passage. I believe American cavers call them "domes" although they are by no means all dome-shaped.

In French, "Aven" is a regional dialect word for caves, in particular I think ones with a vertical entrance. The French word for "aven" in the English sense is "puit remontant" (lit. rising shaft or pit).

yes they do, though not by habit or "full time" apart perhaps from a Malaysian species that preys on bats roosting in the caves.

Stalactite

If you're asking about cave diving, North Florida looks like a possibility. You can read more, below.

Spelunking

Not really.

Most caves have no light so if you bring a good flashlight with spare batteries you will be in good shape to get out. The question is: how did you get in? Did you have a flashlight and the batteries died or you dropped it down a crevasse? If so, that's poor planning and/or you should be more careful than that because depending on the complexity of the caves twists and turns and its length, you might die in there before anyone rescues you. People have gotten lost in caves WITH flashlights. Without a light, you are in serious danger.

The bottom line: never get caught in a cave without proper light!

Beef Jerkey, fruit snacks, trail mix, Vienna sausages; Anything that can get banged around a bit without turning into powder.

notjiifh

They usually lose their sight .

The Chauvet Cave is unique because it contains a vast array and unique collection of cave paintings dated up to 32,000 years old which makes them the oldest cave paintings in the world.

to solve this you can use the equation d=vt

you are already given the time which for you is 0.8s

the velocity would be the speed of sound in air which is 343m/s

then you just have to plug in all in and you get 274.4m

but since it's an echo it covers the length of the cave twice so you would have to divide the distance by 2 which gives you:

137.2m

++++

That's arithmetically correct but are there any bats with an echo-locating range that large? From what I've read they are lucky to receive echoes from anything more than about 10m away, for although they can call at very high intensities their voice power is very low. Also, cave walls are irregular and even if highly reflective would scatter a large proportion of incident sound, reducing the echo strength considerably. It would be very interesting - assuming it could be done - to determine what they form in their brains from their echo-locating. Is it an image slightly like that of a sidescan-sonar, or simply an indication of an obstacle?

They are caused by the erosion of water cutting back into the earth behind the down flow. There is no 'meaning'

Because it brought them good hunting.

Typically, the temperature within any cave remains relatively constant despite changing seasons and temperatures outside. A cave's temperature often reflects the average temperature of the land in which it exists, with deviation from that based on the elevation and size of the cave's entrance(s).

The temperature of the caves within Carlsbad Caverns National Park ranges from 56°F (13°C) inside Carlsbad Cavern, the park's most famous tour cave, up to about 70°F. Within the park's large caves which extend to depths over 1000 feet (300 meters) from the surface, there may be a difference in temperature depending on the depth. For example, the temperature of the Big Room of Carlsbad Cavern, at a depth of 750 feet (about 230 meters) below the surface, is 56°F (13°C). (The Big Room, an area of 8.2 acres, is the most famous and most visited part of the cave.) But, in the cave chamber at the deepest known point of Carlsbad Cavern, called the Lake of the Clouds, an area not open to the public for several reasons, is 68°F. Without going into too much detail, the Big Room is unusually cold for a cave in the Guadalupe Mountains and that's because the enormous natural opening and the vast size of the rooms allows cold winter air to sink into the depths and becomes "trapped".

Outdoors, Carlsbad Caverns National Park's average annual high temperature is 74°F and the average annual low temperature is 50°F with a mean annual temperature of 63°F. (In the summer,average highs are in the 90°s F, in the winter the average highs are in the 50°s and 60°s F.)

No caverns are not all the same size. Cave size depends on the rock and the amount of water passing through.

Not at all. However, when you reemerged, you would have to be very careful to shield your eyes from the light, and become used to the light gradually.

No it can but u would have weak eyes