Celtic History

Celtic houses were typically circular with thatched roofs made of wood and straw. Inside, they had central hearths for warmth and cooking, and furnishings like benches and storage chests. Artifacts found in Celtic houses suggest they also had items such as pottery, weaving tools, and personal ornaments.

The Celts are known for their advanced metallurgical techniques, particularly in ironworking. They also developed sophisticated agricultural methods such as plowing and crop rotation. Additionally, they were skilled in crafting intricate jewelry and creating elaborate designs in art and architecture.

The Celts practiced a primitive form of agricultural farming, using tools like spades, axes, and plows to cultivate crops such as barley, oats, wheat, and rye. They utilized slash-and-burn techniques to clear land, and often had communal farming systems. Livestock farming was also common among the Celts, with animals like cattle, pigs, and sheep being raised for meat, milk, and wool.

Gold objects found among the Celts suggest a high level of craftsmanship and a fondness for intricate designs. These objects reflect the Celts' social status, wealth, and artistic skills, as well as their connections to trade and other cultures. Gold objects also reveal the importance of jewelry and ornamentation in Celtic society.

Celtic education was primarily oral, taught through storytelling, songs, and memorization of cultural and historical knowledge by Druids and bards in a communal setting. Education focused on literature, history, and practical skills. Young Celtic boys were educated in martial arts and hunting, while girls learned domestic and medicinal skills.

The Celts harvested a variety of crops like grains (wheat, barley), vegetables (cabbage, carrots), and fruits (apples, berries). They also raised livestock for meat, milk, and wool. Harvesting was an important activity for ensuring their food supply for the year.

Celts typically lived in roundhouses made of wood and thatch. These structures were circular in shape, with a conical roof and often had a central hearth for warmth and cooking. The walls were made of wattle and daub, or sometimes stone in more affluent areas.

Celtic roundhouses were typically made of a timber frame constructed in a circular shape with walls made from a variety of materials such as wattle and daub, mud, thatch, or turf. The roof was usually conical or thatched, and the floor was often made of packed earth or stone. These houses were well insulated and suited for the temperate climate of Celtic regions.

The Celts were known for their agricultural lifestyle, with a focus on farming, herding, and hunting. They lived in small, decentralized communities led by chieftains and practiced animistic beliefs involving nature and the spiritual world. Celts were skilled metalworkers, creating intricate jewelry and weaponry, and were also known for their vibrant artwork and intricate knotwork designs.

The Celts built roads to facilitate trade and communication between their settlements. These roads also helped in the movement of troops and resources for defense and expansion of their territories.

Cornwall's identity has been influenced by the Celts through language, culture, and traditions. The Cornish language, which has Celtic origins, is a significant aspect of Cornish identity. Additionally, Celtic traditions and folklore have merged with local customs to shape Cornwall's unique cultural heritage.

The Celts wore various types of jewelry, including necklaces, bracelets, brooches, and rings. They often used materials such as gold, silver, bronze, and enamel to create intricate designs featuring motifs like animals, spirals, and knotwork. Jewelry held significant cultural and symbolic meanings for the Celts, reflecting their beliefs and social status.

The Celts measured their wealth in terms of the number of cattle they owned. Cattle were an important symbol of wealth and status in Celtic society, and owning more cattle meant being considered richer and more powerful. Land ownership and valuable items such as jewelry and weapons also contributed to a person's wealth in Celtic culture.

Celtic roundhouses were typically made out of a wooden frame constructed from timber poles, with walls made of wattle and daub (interwoven sticks and clay). The roof was thatched with materials such as straw or reeds. Stones may have been used for foundation or support.

While the ancient Celtic civilization no longer exists, there are individuals and communities in modern times who identify with Celtic culture, traditions, and heritage. This can be seen especially in regions like Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall, and Isle of Man, where Celtic languages and cultural practices are still preserved and celebrated.

The Celts enjoyed various activities including storytelling, music, feasting, craftsmanship, and celebrating festivals and rituals. They were known for their love of art, particularly intricate designs in metalwork and creating elaborate jewelry. Additionally, the Celts had a strong connection to nature and engaged in farming, hunting, and other outdoor pursuits.

The Celts used a variety of materials in their everyday life, including wood, leather, bronze, iron, and textiles like wool and linen. They were known for their skilled craftsmanship in creating intricate designs with these materials, seen in items such as jewelry, weapons, and household items.

The Celts left behind intricate artwork such as metalwork and jewelry, with designs featuring intricate patterns and symbolic motifs. They also left behind stone monuments such as dolmens and standing stones. The Celtic language and cultural influences have also endured in regions where they once thrived.

The Celts primarily used natural plant-based dyes to color their clothes, such as woad for blue, madder for red, and weld for yellow. They also used materials like lichen, moss, and berries to achieve different colors for their garments. These natural dyes helped create the distinct and vibrant colors found in Celtic clothing.

the Celts built hill forts for protection and from hill forts they could see for miles. On raid a enemy invasion the would put all there animals in the for with them so the could keep on farming after.

Celts did not have formal schools like we have today. Education was usually informal and children learned skills and knowledge from their families and community members through storytelling, observation, and practical experience. Training in skills like hunting, farming, and craftsmanship would have been passed down from generation to generation.

The Celts liked to use earthy tones such as browns, greens, and yellows for their clothing. They also used natural dyes to create a variety of colors, including red, blue, and purple. Exchange with Mediterranean cultures introduced more vibrant hues like purple and red.

The Celts reside in the areas they do now, because their lands were invaded and conquered by several different cultures. The Romans were the main culprit. They invaded and conquered Iberia(Spain and Portugal), in the 2nd century BC. They conquered Pannonia and Dalmatia( the Balkans region, not including Greece) in the 1st century BC. After Vercingetorix's valiant attempt to resist Roman rule in 52 BC, Gaul( France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Holland) was also added to the Empire. Britain would be somewhat strenuously held by the Romans until 390 AD, when the last of the Roman garrisons emptied to the mainland. The last invasion of Celtic lands began in 446 AD, when a Briton Chief, Vortegorn, gave land to Anglo-Saxon mercernaries, in exchange for military aid. These outsiders expanded their territories after Vortegorn's death, and after capturing London, it was apparent that they would be staying. Thus, the English nation was born, yet again at the expense of the Fathers of Europe, the Celts.

A passage tomb, known as a cairn, is a type of tomb built by the Celts in Ireland. These ancient burial sites were constructed using large stones and typically have an entrance passage leading to a central chamber where the deceased were laid to rest. Examples of famous passage tombs in Ireland include Newgrange and Knowth.