Chromatography

My desk is made of matter because matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. As a physical object, my desk is composed of molecules and atoms that give it its structure and properties.

Keeping the spots small helps to prevent overlapping and spreading, which can affect the accuracy of the chromatography results. Small spots also minimize the potential for contamination and ensure a more controlled separation process. Additionally, small spots help in reducing the time required for the analysis.

The viscous material in Harpic toilet cleaner is typically a mixture of thickening agents, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose or xanthan gum, which help the cleaner cling to the toilet bowl surface for better cleaning action.

For acetaldehyde, electronic transitions involve movement of electrons in the π- and n- orbitals, leading to transitions between different molecular orbitals. Diethyl ether can also undergo electronic transitions involving σ- and π- orbitals due to the presence of carbon-oxygen bonds and lone pair electrons on oxygen. Both molecules can exhibit transitions that involve excitation of both non-bonding and bonding electrons.

Toothpaste can explode in high elevations because the reduced air pressure can cause the air inside the toothpaste tube to expand, leading to a buildup of pressure. If the tube is already close to its bursting point, this increase in pressure can cause the toothpaste to burst out of the tube.

Thin layer chromatography is used to separate mixtures and other substances. The accuracy depends upon the person doing the experiment and also what substance is being used. The space from the bottom of the plate needs to be the same on all of them and also use a ruler to make sure. The amount of substance needs to be the same. The same amount of solvent needs to be used as well. Just measure everything that is being used. It is accurate because it can be done quick and cheaper than the others. It is also easy to do and can be extremely accurate when separating drug found in the human stomach in a post mortem.Hope this helps, it helped me get a distinction in a controlled assessment.

The densities of the lanthanides generally have less variability compared to the densities of the actinides. This is because the lanthanides are more similar in size and electronic structure, leading to more consistent densities. In contrast, the actinides exhibit larger variations in density due to differences in atomic structure and electron configurations.

The solution is absorbed onto a piece of paper

Screened Methyl orange separates when it comes in contact with water on the filter paper because it is an impure substance and impure substances are made of 2 or more components......so therefore it separates the blue colou

ration from the orange colouration

Sublimation of any pure substance such as ammonium chloride by definition is a physical change, because sublimation is defined as passage of substance from the solid to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.

Size-exclusion chromatography would be least likely to be utilized in the crime lab compared to other types such as gas chromatography or liquid chromatography. Size-exclusion chromatography separates molecules based on their size, making it less commonly used for the complex mixture analysis typically required in forensic investigations.

Chromatography fabric refers to a type of fabric that is used in chromatography techniques as a stationary phase. It is designed to separate different compounds based on their interactions with the fabric material. The fabric allows for the components in a mixture to be separated as they move through the fabric at different rates, depending on their affinity for the fabric.

If the pH value becomes lower than the protein's isoelectric point (pI) in 2D gel electrophoresis, the protein will acquire a net positive charge due to the excess of protons. This will cause the protein to move towards the cathode during electrophoresis.

In normal-phase chromatography, the stationary phase is polar and the mobile phase is a mixture of non-polar solvents such as hexane and slightly more polar solvents such as isopropanol. water is the most polar solvent of all solvents. If you use water as a mobile phase, the polar analytes will remain dissolved in water and there will be no retention of analytes on the stationary phase. If there is no retention on stationary phase, there is no separation

The second dilution factor refers to the factor by which a solution is further diluted after an initial dilution step. It is calculated by multiplying the volume of the original solution added to the new diluent by the volume of the new diluent divided by the final volume of the diluted solution.

Heating mineral oil that has been mixed with water will cause the water to evaporate. Since the mineral oil evaporates at higher temperatures than water, the water vapor can be collected first and stored in a separate container.

because the ink from the base line would mix with the ink blobs you are testing... its a bit obvious. and NEVER EVER draw your base line under the water. cause that would mean the blobs you are testing mix in the water and you dont know what colours the inks split into. depending on your age this is in your gcse and a level exams i think.

I find paper chromatography interesting because it is a simple yet effective technique for separating mixtures of substances based on their molecular properties. It can be used in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and forensics to analyze and identify different compounds. The process is visually appealing as the separation occurs as colorful bands on the paper.

gas chromatographt (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) are different , and to understand why you must think about what chromatography is:

Chromatography in its simplest form is like putting ink on blotting paper and watching the colours separate.

Liquid chromatoraphy uses a "column" which is made from bare or bonded silica, it separates a mixture of compounds by how polar they are. You can use a gradient of different solvents.

GC also uses a column, but it is a capillary column and instead of using a liquid to carry your mixture which needs to be separated it uses a carrier gas, like nitrogen. You can vary the temperatures in both LC and GC to aid better resolution.

GC is used for more volatile compounds and LC is used more less volatile. HPLC usually refers to reversed phase, normal phase is where the column is vare silica which is very polar. Bonded silica is bonded with hydrocarbons which is non polar.

The thing to remember is that "like attracts like" so if the column in non polar, the compound to elute first will be the most polar.

To summarise, they are both separation techniques, one uses gas and the other liquid. You would choose which one to uese depending on how volatile the compounds which you want to separate are.

Vishal Bobade NCL,Pune

Yes, thin layer chromatography can be used to analyze carbohydrates by separating them based on their chemical properties. It is quick, easy to perform, and can separate a variety of carbohydrates in a sample. However, it may not provide as high resolution as other chromatography techniques such as HPLC for complex mixtures.

The number of -R groups in a molecule depends on the specific compound being discussed. For example, in an alkane, each carbon atom is considered to have 3 -R groups (hydrogen atoms in this case). In other functional groups, the number of -R groups can vary.

To prepare a 1% solution of sodium citrate, you would mix 1 gram of sodium citrate with 99 grams of water (for a total of 100 grams solution). Stir the mixture until the sodium citrate is fully dissolved in the water.

No. Take the microbial hydrogen mechanism as an example:
4H2 + CO2 --> CH4 + 2H2O
5 moles of reactants on the left converts to 3 moles of products on the right. The total number of moles of each type of atom does balance however.

The availability and cost of feedstock (such as corn or sugar cane) needed for ethanol production, as well as the efficiency of the conversion process, can limit the amount of synthetic ethanol produced. Additionally, factors like government regulations, market demand, and competition with fossil fuels can also impact the production of synthetic ethanol.