Computer Programming

Writing in pseudo code means writing in a natural language, not in any specific programming language, so there is no thing as "pseudo-code used in C" as opposed to "pseudo-code used in Java".

When you write in pseudo-code, you don't have to follow any specific syntactic rules, just to describe the steps you will use in your algorithm.

For example, pseudo-code for bubble sort (taken from wikipedia):

procedure bubbleSort( A : list of sortable items ) do swapped = false for each i in 1 tolength(A) - 1 inclusive do: if A[i-1] > A[i] then swap( A[i-1], A[i] ) swapped = true end ifend for while swapped end procedure

It is not written in any programming language, but it should be easy to implement this in any language after you understand the idea from the pseudo-code.

A constructor differs from a normal member function in three ways:

1. A constructor never returns a result. The constructor's declaration reflects this by not even declaring the function as "void."

   The common design hypothesis is that a well-designed constructor cannot fail, other than maybe in an irrecoverable way (such as a fatal running out of memory).

2. A constructor is never called explicitly except with the new operator.
3. Constructors impose further restrictions. For example, they cannot be declared abstract or virtual, and may have visibility requirements.

   The common design practise is that at least the default constructor is declared public.

The term algorithm is now applied to many kinds of problem solving that employ a mechanical sequence of steps, as in setting up a computer program. The sequence may be displayed in the form of a flowchart in order to make it easier to follow.

In computational devices with a built-in microcomputer logic, this logic is a form of algorithm. As computers increase in complexity, more and more software algorithms are taking the form of what is called hard software. That is, they are increasingly becoming part of the basic circuitry of computers or are easily attached adjuncts, as well as standing alone in special devices such as payroll machines. Many different applications algorithms are now available, and highly advanced systems such as artificial intelligence algorithms may become common in the future.

FeaturesWhen the creation of Embedded Wizard started in 2003, the main idea was to deliver the comfort - known from PC development tools - to embedded systems. With the help of customer's feedback, it has been improved ever since, to support the daily GUI development workflow in the best possible way.

See 10 features that will simplify your GUI project:

1. Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Embedded Wizard's comfortable IDE provides drag-and-drop, copy-and-paste and undo-redo functionality. Sophisticated utilities, like the object browser and the 'assistants', enable an easy overview over the application structure and a quick access to its members. Developers will find everything they need in one familiar place.

2. Visual Programming Approach

Create GUI applications by clicking, dragging and connecting visual to logical components with the mouse. Benefit from instant WYSIWYG (What you see is what you get) and evaluate your GUI's appearance already at design time. Even target constraints, like limited color range, can be displayed in the IDE. And with Embedded Wizard's instant prototyper you can step-by-step verify your GUI's design, behaviour and usability.

3. Flexibility & Platform Independence

Implement the desired behavior of a single GUI component or the entire application in Embedded Wizard's own, platform independent programming language, called 'Chora'. It is very similar to C, C++ and easy to learn. Besides standard statements like if, for, while, switch and local variables, Chora also provides useful operators and data-types especially for GUI applications. Chora also includes a garbage collector. Finally, Embedded Wizard analyses your project, intercepts possible errors and generates ANSI C code out of the project - optimized for each target (See 9. Targeting).

4. Object Oriented Programming

All components of a GUI application are realized as classes. Embedded Wizard's programming language 'Chora' supports derivation of classes, inheritance, overriding of inherited class members and polymorphy. This enables a highly iterative development process and results in well-structured, easy to maintain projects and reduced code size. Developers, who are familiar with OOP, can benefit from that knowledge, however, Embedded Wizard also supports a very simple programming model, which allows also developers without deep OOP knowledge, to create great results in a very fast time.

5. Ready-to-use components

For an easy start-up, the 'Mosaic' class library was designed. It provides visual components for displaying text, images, color gradient, etc. as well as sophisticated widgets like buttons, select boxes, text fields, menus, panels and more. The class library also includes infrastructure for animation effects, event handling, focus handling, alignment, arrangement, touch screen and mouse support, and many more.

6. Localization

Develop multilingual applications, which can change text, graphics, fonts and even layout for each language. Thanks to UNICODE support, GUI applications can combine Greek, Cyrillic, Japanese, Far East and other notations within a single text. Whenever the current user language is switched, all dependencies are evaluated and displayed automatically.

7. Variants & Diversified GUIs

"Variants" are a unique concept of Embedded Wizard, to facilitate the handling of different themes, layouts and screen resolutions within one GUI project. Variants of a GUI can be determined at compile time or switched at runtime. Moreover, the integrated JPEG file support, enables dynamic loading of JPEG images from hard disk or a content provider into the GUI for more flexibility and variety.

During runtime, the intelligent resource management takes care, that only the needed resources (e.g. fonts, images) are loaded to save memory.

8. Debugging

If your GUI application does not behave as desired, the powerful integrated debugger enables the step by step execution of 'Chora' statements, the setting of breakpoints and inspection of all variables and objects. Thus, you can be sure, that any GUI code generated by Embedded Wizard runs perfectly stable.

9. Targeting

To bring your application to a particular target, Embedded Wizard analyses the project, intercepts possible errors and translates it into optimized, highly reliable and well-documented ANSI C code. The result can be compiled and linked with your main software. All target specific aspects, like the CPU architecture, the operating system and color format of the screen are handled by 'platform packages', which are tailored for a specific target platform. You can simply exchange the platform packages to generate code for various targets out of a single GUI project.

10. Documentation

To document the structure of your GUI application, Embedded Wizard can automatically create Microsoft HTML help files (chm), which are especially helpful when transferring your project to colleagues or third parties for maintenance and modifications. The documentation describes components, shows their inheritance and lists their members. It is enriched with descriptions that can be entered by developers optionally for every member in the project.

Machine language is a stream of bytes interpreted by the CPU to perform operations on the computer. Reading machine language directly requires knowledge of or access to a list of "opcodes" (the numeric value associated with each instruction) in the program. Assembly language is a human-readable translation of machine language with additional features such as mapping of symbols to actual memory addresses or registers. People who use assembly language ultimately also become proficient in understanding machine language.

For example, in the x86 architecture, this machine language:

• B8 05 00

• mov ax, 5

if is a like a choice

e.g.

if (x==1) if x is equal to 1 then it will print "x=1"

{

printf("x=1);

}

else

{

printf("x does not =1")

}

Answer: If is an identifier, if is a statement.

Yes Artificial Intelligence works but there is not any certain way in which it works. There are many definitions of Artificial Intelligence in which one of them is a computer problem that needs to be solved with a high level of intelligence. Many AI researchers have discovered many different approaches to solve the problems in different areas such as gaming, medical , engineering . But the Question is that How Artificial Intelligence Work ? So for understanding this first of we have to understand what is AI. Basically there are three types of AI :-

1. Easy AI :- Easy AI is Logic based, following rules for example programming with math rules.

2. Hard AI:- In Hard AI we deals with much complex data systems like face Recognizing in which computer has given super wiser signals due to which it distinguishes between two individual faces, hardware acceleration, so is basically machinering from data.

3. Really Hard AI :- Really Hard AI is about machines taking as many as characteristics of human like sensory perception, decision making, things like cognition or emotion this is really the stuff that movies are made of , like people being replaced by robots or like robots and machines are to be converged.

So these are the fields in which AI works accordingly.