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Database Programming
Databases are collections of tables that maintain and display information, often collaboratively; this information can be used for interaction with an application or gaining general knowledge. Questions about database engines and modifying or using them belong in this category.
8,803 Questions
Storing the information several time leads to waste of storage space is called data redundacy.
Data redundancy is a term used about databases and means simply that some data fields appear more than once in the database. Data redundancy is wasteful and inefficient for several reasons and database designers attempt to eliminate it as far as possible by using a technique called data normalization.
Data redundancy occurs in database systems which have a field that is repeated in two or more tables. For instance, in case when customer data is duplicated and attached with each product bought then redundancy of data is a known source of inconsistency.
What are advantages of rdbms over dbms?
Some advantages of relational database management systems (RDBMS) over traditional database management systems (DBMS) include data integrity through the use of constraints, normalization to reduce redundancy, support for ACID transactions, and standardized SQL language for data manipulation. RDBMS also offer scalability and flexibility for complex data structures and relationships.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a DDBMS?
Organizations may be distributed across a wide geographic area. It is natural for databases to be set up to reflect this. Local areas will keep local information and this allows local users to quickly access the local database. A headquarters may also wish to make global inquiries to local data at the local regions.
This allows users at one site to access data stored at other sites. Data is placed close to the users who normally access this data, it gives them local control and allows them to set up and establish local policies regarding the data use. A global administrator is responsible for the entire system and should help at a local level to develop and manage the dbms.
Data in a centralized DB is inaccessible if there is a problem with the DB. However i a distributed site the local data is only inaccessible and if replication is i force then all data may be available at another site.
Since data is kept local then local access is much quicker than access to a centralized DB.
A DDBMS is much more complex than a centralized DB. If there are conflicts in hardware and software in use then this may cause performance issues and the sited advantages may become disadvantages.
It is much more expensive to setup and maintain a DDBMS. More hardware is required the network maintenance is increased the communication costs increase and there will be additional labour costs.
It is much more difficult to maintain a secure network system across multiple locations. The network needs to be made secure and access to replicated data needs to be maintained across multiple sites.
What is the difference between ddbms and parallel dbms?
A distributed database management system (DDBMS) manages databases that are stored on multiple computers, often in different locations. A parallel database management system (parallel DBMS) uses multiple processors to perform operations on a single database, improving performance by dividing tasks among these processors. In essence, DDBMS focuses on data distribution and replication across different sites, while parallel DBMS focuses on high-speed data processing using multiple processors.
A query is a question you ask a database in the form of a SQL statement. When software developers develop software, they typically define certain queries with the delivered software as reports, forms, or accessible via query windows. Ad hoc queries are those that are not already defined that are not needed on a regular basis, so they're not included in the typical set of reports or queries provided with the software. They're typically queries that the user can create on their own outside the scope of the delivered software.
What is the extension of memory file in DBMS?
Database Management Systems, or DBMS, are software applications specially designed to interact with the user and other applications, as well as the database itself, to analyze data. All files in a software have file name extensions to identify their file types. For memory files .mem is the file name extension.
A database is used to organize and store information in a structured manner, making it easier to retrieve and manipulate data efficiently. It helps in ensuring data consistency, reliability, and security.
Databases are used to store, organize, and retrieve data efficiently. They help in managing large amounts of information, ensuring data integrity, and providing a structured way to access and manipulate data.
What are the Advantage and disadvantages of OODBMS?
- OODBMS completely negates "impedance mismatch": a problem always faced by a custom software development company in a Relational Database System. In RDBMS, there was enough wastage of time when objects had to be mapped with tables and vice versa. This is completely avoided with OODBMS.
- In OODBMS, data is described easily through class hierarchy.
- IN RDBMS, users have to face problems when identifying the records. They had to ensure that no two records had the same primary key. OODBMS completely avoids this aspect because of its unique OIDs.
- Since interaction between objects and database is done transparently, there is no need for a query language to access data from an Object Oriented Database Management System. But one can still use queries in OODBMS.
- In OODBMS, a large class can hold several medium-sized classes, which can hold even more medium-sized classes. This means that OODBMs has the ability to handle complex data compared to RDBMS.
Is a holding tank for information on the web or software which receives information?
A holding tank is a storage area in a system that temporarily holds information before it is processed or used. It can be used in web applications or software to receive and store data before further action is taken on it.
Traditional data model can be classified in four different data models and they are :-
1) Flat model : This may not strictly qualify as a data model. The flat (or table) model consists of a single, two-dimensional array of data elements, where all members of a given column are assumed to be similar values, and all members of a row are assumed to be related to one another.
2) Hierarchical model : In this model data is organized into a tree-like structure, implying a single upward link in each record to describe the nesting, and a sort field to keep the records in a particular order in each same-level list.
3) Network model : This model organizes data using two fundamental constructs, called records and sets. Records contain fields, and sets define one-to-many relationships between records: one owner, many members.
4) Relational model : is a database model based on first-order predicate logic. Its core idea is to describe a database as a collection of predicates over a finite set of predicate variables, describing constraints on the possible values and combination of values. answer given by 2shku
Internet databases are repositories of data that are stored and accessed through the internet. They allow users to store, manage, and retrieve structured information over the web, enabling a wide range of applications such as online shopping, social media, and cloud computing. Websites and applications can interact with internet databases to dynamically display and update information in real-time.
The term database was first coined by Edgar F. Codd in the early 1970s, a computer scientist working at IBM. He introduced the concept of a structured way to organize and store data, which laid the foundation for modern relational database management systems.
A hyperlink is a clickable text or image on a webpage that takes you to another webpage, document, or resource when clicked. It is commonly colored differently or underlined to differentiate it from regular text. Hyperlinks are essential for navigating the internet and connecting different pieces of information.
Three types of information contained in a hard drives partition table?
- Partition information: detailing the size and type of each partition on the hard drive.
- File system type: specifying the format used to organize and store data on the partitions.
- Boot information: indicating which partition contains the boot loader and bootable operating system.
Is the grading system an effective method for assessing students?
no it really has to do with the child and how they do in school my teacher acceses us on our behavior our work and our social abilitly out listing skill and i make staight a's and im very smart
Explain two disadvantages of a paper-based database?
- Limited storage capacity: Paper-based databases have limited storage capacity compared to digital databases, making it challenging to store and retrieve large amounts of data efficiently.
- Prone to physical damage: Paper records are more susceptible to damage from accidents, such as fire, water, or wear and tear, putting the data at risk of being lost or corrupted.
major components of database management system are as follow.
1) Software.
2) Hardware.
3) Data.
4) Procedure.
5) Access language.
Software:
software plays an important role in the DBMS.
How do you retrieve data from database in PHP?
There are many factors that must be taken into consideration when looking to retrieve data from a database, such as 'what database management system do i posses/supported by my host?' in most cases people looking to retrieve data using php posses SQL database management systems such as MySQL in their control panel which can be used to create, delete and alter databases, along with creating multiuser access to the databases.
once the databases are created and their respected users are added and given their database privileges, one can begin adding and proccessing data to and from a database.
assuming that all the previous has been acheived and there is data in the database, below is a set of php/mysql functions that can process multiple rows of data in a database table.
$link = mysql_connect ("localhost", "USERNAME HERE", "PASSWORD HERE") or die (mysql_error());
$mysql_db = mysql_select_db ("DATABASE NAME") or die (mysql_error());
$db_search = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM `TABLE NAME`");
if (@mysql_num_rows($db_search) > 0) {
while($data = mysql_fetch_array($db_search)) {
}
}
first you connect to your host, then select the database, query a selected table, check for rows of data in the table, place the array of data into a variable, and do what you please with the data now contained within that variable.
for more information go to php.net/mysql
Data base state vs database schema?
The database schema is the description of the database. It defines how the database is set up and what data it is to contain and control. This description is given to the DBMS to manage the data. The database state is an image of how the database looks at any given time. The database schema is set unless you change how the database is structured. The database state will change whenever new data is entered into the database and the database is updated.
How to Normalization in arcgis?
In ArcGIS, normalization is typically achieved by using the Field Calculator to calculate normalized values based on a chosen formula or method. You can create a new field and populate it with normalized values by dividing the original values by a chosen factor (e.g., the sum of all values in the field) to scale the values between 0 and 1.
What is instance in peoplesoft?
In PeopleSoft, an instance refers to a separate installation of the PeopleTools software and databases, used to run a specific set of applications or modules. Each instance is usually dedicated to a specific environment, such as development, testing, or production. Instances allow for isolation and customization of settings for different purposes.
What are the disadvantages of paper databases?
Disadvantages of database:
1.Number of problems are associating with centralized data.
2.cost of hardware and software.
3.complexity of backup and recovery machanism.
by
Ankit Kumar
RM1001B36
Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) is a type of database management system that combines characteristics of both relational database systems (RDBMS) and object-oriented database systems. ORDBMS allows the storage of complex data types like images, audio, and video in addition to traditional data types, and supports object-oriented programming concepts such as inheritance and encapsulation. This makes it suitable for applications that require handling both structured and semi-structured data.
What are the disadvantages of a paper based system?
Disadvantages of paper based communication:
There are many benefits towards this communication method but they always come at a cost!
Issues arise as cost of sending away Via. stamps and delivery, other areas are the writers hand writing quality along with the grammar and spelling mistakes.
Some paper based methods do occasionally result in typed up letters printed off and sent away but these letters can include typo's, other mistakes, Etc.
Also when you send away a letter to another destination there is always the issue of the time taken to deliver it as it can take among weeks to even months on delivery and many times, the letter is either damaged or returned which can be again a huge issue!
Hope this short explanation is helpful
