Electromagnetic Radiation

Radiation sensitizers are substances that increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy, making the treatment more effective. They can enhance the damaging effects of radiation on cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy cells, ultimately improving the overall outcome of radiation therapy for cancer patients.

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is a technique that delivers a concentrated dose of radiation directly to a tumor site during surgery. This helps to target cancer cells more precisely while minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. IORT can be used in various cancer treatments, including breast, brain, and gastrointestinal cancers.

220 hertz is faster, because the higher the frequency, the lower the wavelength. The wavelength directly correlates to the speed so therefore the object moving at 220 hertz is significantly faster.

Not quite. The question is not about moving objects but wave speeds.

The formula is velocity = frequency x wavelength, but for any given wave motion through a given medium, its velocity stays constant. Therefore the wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency alone.

So a 220Hz signal travels at the same speed as the 440Hz signal, in the same medium.

1000 watts is a measure of power, not heat. Power is the rate at which energy is used or transferred. To determine the amount of heat generated by 1000 watts, additional information about the time over which the power is used or the efficiency of the system is needed.

You are exposed to various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum throughout the year. These include visible light, ultraviolet radiation, and some forms of radio frequency radiation. The levels of exposure can vary depending on factors such as the time spent outdoors and proximity to sources like electronic devices.

Yes, liquids can retain electrical charge. When an electric current flows through a liquid, ions can accumulate at the surface of the liquid, creating a charge imbalance. This can result in the liquid retaining an electrical charge.

Night vision technology typically uses the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum. This allows cameras or goggles to detect heat signatures emitted by objects, even in low light conditions.

Electromagnetic waves

If it is 1000 watts then it produces a 1000 watts. A watt is 1 joule/sec.

Fluorescence agents are chemicals that emit light upon excitation. In the context of uranium glow in the dark items, such as glassware or jewelry, fluorescence agents are often integrated to enhance the glow by absorbing energy from UV light and reemitting it as visible light, resulting in a brighter and longer-lasting glow.

low penetrating power, for example, Uv light. Uv light has longer wavelenth than gamma ray and x-ray, therefor has lower penetrating power. It can only sterilize surfaces and heat sensitive items.

1. Light IS energy - and is mass-less, thus without substance.
2. Light is a form of energy, there is no substance that give it energy. It is the energy contained in oscillating electromagnetic fields. It isn't purely electric or magnetic. Electric fields have the property of inducing a corresponding perpendicular magnetic field when they change. And changing magnetic fields similarly produce a perpendicular electric field. These changes in the fields propagate outwards in the form of "electromagnetic waves". So it is more sensible to consider magnetism and electricity as two parts of the same coin.

   James Clerk Maxwell put all the laws of electricity and magnetism together and came up with Maxwell's equations which describe how electricity and magnetism work. Working through his equations he noticed that they implied that electromagnetic waves (in a vacuum) should travel at a constant speed.

   When he plugged in the various electrical and magnetic constants that had been previously carefully measured by experiment he found that within the margin of error of the experiments his calculated speed exactly matched the experimentally measured speed of light. He guessed and said that because of this coincidence that light was an electromagnetic wave.

   By assuming that this was correct great inroads were made in physics, including quantum mechanics and relativity.

   This and later experiments proved this hypothesis to be true. They started in radio, where a conductor has changing electricity producing an obvious electromagnetic wave, then on to microwave which is the same thing but changing at a faster rate, all the way up to infrared and now visible light and beyond into ultraviolet and xrays.

They are essentially the same thing. Solar radiation from the sun is made up of two components: (1) direct solar raidation; and (2) diffuse solar radiation. Global radiation refers to the sum of direct and diffuse fractions.

In the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation the wave property that changes is the frequency. So for example xrays have higher frequency then blue light which has higher frequency then red light which has higher frequency then radio waves etc.

James Maxwell was able to show that a vibrating charge would result in the propagation of an electromagnetic wave that would travel with velocity that "just happened" to be the speed of light. Since that time, repeated tests have shown that every prediction resulting from the idea that radio waves, light waves, and x-rays (amongst others) are examples of this EM wave have turned out to be correct.

Light is considered to be an EM wave because every test of that statement has given a positive answer.

That is, until, quantum theorists were able to show that light travels in discrete chunks of energy now called "photons."

Electromagnetic radiation is a very broad concept. If you look up 'electromagnetic spectrum', you will see that it is radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gammas rays, etc. So, what are the uses?

Well radio waves are used for radios and other wireless communication like Wi-fi. This is pretty simple to figure out the uses and dangers (if any).

Infrared lights are used in many areas for different things. Your TV remote uses infrared. It's used for thermal imaging. It's used the sciences all the time. It's not particularly harmful either.

And visible light? I don't have to go into detail for this (if I should, you have a bigger problem).

UV light can be harmful, but many new technologies are making use of it. For the most part, it can be damaging to eyes and skin for long exposures and intense sources.

Microwaves. Microwaves are electromagnetic radiation too. Obviously, we are familiar with the conveniences of a household microwaves. These can be harmful because they are absorbed by water easily.

X-Rays and Gamma rays are used in medical sciences a lot as well as cutting edge physics experiments, particularly with astrophysics. These types of electromagnetic radiation are very high energy and can disrupt chemical bonds. This is mostly of concern with us because it can damage DNA and cause mutations and other carcinogenic effects.

Space wave propagation refers to the transmission of electromagnetic waves through free space without reflection or refraction. Two examples of communication systems that use space wave mode are satellite communication systems, where signals are transmitted between ground stations and satellites in orbit, and line-of-sight microwave communication systems, where signals are transmitted directly between two antennas within line of sight of each other.

Yes, infrared radiation can be blocked by materials that are opaque to it, such as metal foils, dense fabrics, and certain plastics. These materials absorb or reflect the infrared radiation, preventing it from passing through.

Yes, infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than visible light. Infrared radiation has wavelengths longer than those of visible light, ranging from about 0.7 micrometers (μm) to 1 millimeter (mm), while visible light ranges from about 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers (μm).

No, LED stands for light-emitting diode, which can produce a range of colors depending on the materials used in the diode. While some LEDs emit a single color (monochromatic), many are designed to emit multiple colors.

The first modern semiconductor diode was made with germanium. These diodes were invented in ww2 for RADAR.

But before that semiconductor diodes were made with galena (lead sulfide), copper oxide, and selenium. I have no idea which was "first".

The electromagnetic spectrum is called a spectrum because it consists of a range of electromagnetic waves or radiation, each with a unique wavelength and frequency. When these waves are arranged in order of their wavelengths, they form a continuous spectrum of different colors and energies.

Exit radiation refers to the electromagnetic radiation emitted from a material after an external stimulus, such as light or heat, is applied. This radiation can provide valuable information about the material's properties, structure, or composition. Exit radiation is commonly used in various scientific fields, including spectroscopy and materials science, for analysis and characterization purposes.

No, an object not moving relative to Earth is not a blue shifted object. With no relative motion, an object will not be subject to Doppler effect and will not red or blue shift. For an object to be blue shifted, the distance between the object and Earth must be decreasing. The object must be closing on Earth or vice versa.

No difference at all. Radio waves are one of many types of electromagnetic waves.