Electronics Engineering

While it is true that an inductor opposes the flow of an alternating current, it does not necessarily 'block it'. The quantity that opposes the flow of an AC current is the inductor's inductive reactance, expressed in ohms. Inductive reactance is proportional to the frequency of the supply voltage and, at 50 or 60 Hz, the reactance of a transformer's winding is relatively low (although very much higher than its resistance) and, while this acts to limit the amount of current flow, it certainly doesn't act to block that flow.

A switch basically represents a gap in the electric circuit. Electric current can pass through a circuit only if it is complete. An incomplete circuit can never pass a current through it.

When the switch is in the 'off' position, the circuit has a break (gap) in it.

When you put the switch in 'on' position, the circuit wire join and the circuit gets completed.

A resistor is used to represent any one of many different components, called loads, that convert electrical energy to other forms of energy. For example, motors, toasters, lamps, radios, televisions, microwave ovens, and electric kettles convert electrical energy to motion, heat, sound, and light.

IF there is a Resistor

Different material welds differently depending on polarity. There are also different types of welding rods, so polarity must be tested.

Input offset voltage is the equivalent voltage at the input of an operational amplifier. If an amplifier has a voltage gain of ten and an input offset voltage of 10 microvolts, a level of 100 microvolts will appear at the output with no input. Manufacturers try to design an op amp so the input offset voltage is as small as possible to minimize this error voltage at the output of the amplifier, especially for applications where small voltages are being amplified.

2*103*10-5 = 2*10-2 Seconds = 20 milliseconds

programmed chip

It is called electromagnetic energy! But the range of frequencies goes from the lowest which are long wave radio waves, up to the shortest which are gamma rays. On the way it includes infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, microwaves, and X-rays.

AC means alternating current DC means direct current there is no polarity reversal

simply means the tester's measurement is displayed in an analog way (not digital) For example: a moving needle that points to a scale a clock with hands is ANALOG

a clock that displays the time like this (11:55pm) is DIGITAL

Series. An ammeter is used to measure current, and is connected in series!

There are also clamp on ammeters that use a small current transformer that is placed around a wire in the current loop in question. A small amount of current will be induced on this wire which can be read by the meter. This is not exactly in series or in parallel, but it "steals" some power from the circuit to induce in the meter, and at the same time keeps the circuit intact.

You can't. You need to find the information about current -- a homework question normally gives you a hint.

The collector base depletion zone is wider than the emitter base depletion zone.

Yes, insofar as any quantity can be truly analog on a macroscopic scale.

Disregarding the quantized nature of light at quantum dimensions, the frequency,

wavelength, and amplitude of light aren't restricted to any set of definite values.

Between any two levels you choose, no matter how close together they are, a

wavelength, frequency, or amplitude can exist at a level between the two that

you chose ... which is a pretty good working description of an analog quantity.

The frequency spectrum has been distributed for various purposes. Otherwise, the people may use the frequencies of their choice & there will be wide range of interference. So, in order to ensure proper reception of signals, the standards have been fixed for the transmission of frequencies & also for the intermediate frequency because if the intermediate frequency is varied the overall frequency value will also vary. The intermediate frequency value should be so designed that it should not lie within the range of mixer stage. Otherwise, there is the production of noise signal due to the interference of mixer frequency & intermediate frequency. Also, the intermediate frequency should not be too high. Otherwise, it will reduce the selectivity of the receiver because of increase in bandwidth. Considering all these factors 455 khz is the most suitable intermediate frequency value for an AM receiver.

Nothing, its simply an arbitrarily assigned number to identify that type of part.

explain force balance transducer

Any dielectric material can be used to separate the two metal plates inside a capacitor. This includes polymer, paper, glass or even air (although air is seldom used now).

becoz of high starting torqe to move train

An output that can be placed in any of three (tri-) states: high, low, and disconnected. The disconnected state is provided so that these outputs can be used to drive common shared buses with all tristate outputs kept in the disconnected state except one, that one will drive the buss then in the next buss cycle that could disconnect and a different one would connect. This permits sharing without collisions.

XORing X with 1 gives X', i.e., NOT(X). If we are able to construct a NAND (AND) using XOR, we can also obtain AND (NAND) from it, which makes XOR a universal gate since inverted inputs to a NAND (AND) will give OR (NOR). However XOR is not a universal gate! Therefore we cannot obtain NAND (AND) using XOR. :-)

By,

Tirtha Sarathi Ghosh

Class 10

IIT Kanpur Aspirant

To measure resistance, you could use an ohmmeter. But ohmmeters are not particularly accurate, so other methods are preferable. These include the use of Wheatstone's Bridge (which compares the unknown resistance with known values) or a Ducter (for very low resistances).

Resistance decade box is nothing but Resistance bank. It has various ranges of Resistance value ranging from few ohms to few mega ohms. In other terms, large value of resistance are fabricated in single box is said to be Resistance decade box.