Electronics Engineering

Shunt means parallel only..................

A simple rectifier is a diode. It only has two terminals and will only allow electron flow in one direction only. A controlled rectifier (SCR=silicon controlled rectifier) has a third connection (gate). Which as the name suggests, is a gate that controls at which point the rectifier will work. It therefore has a level of control.
There are various types and you would need the application specification, to get the best use of them.

The process of separating the original information or SIGNAL from the MODULATED CARRIER. In the case of AMPLITUDE or FREQUENCY MODULATION it involves a device, called a demodulator or detector, which produces a signal corresponding to the instantaneous changes in amplitude or frequency, respectively. This signal corresponds to the original modulating signal

It means that the current passes through 0 50 times a second.

Vibratory motion of ideal systems in the absence of any friction or resistance continues indefinitely under the action of a restoring force. Practically, in all systems, the force of friction slows down the motion, so the systems do not oscillate indefinitely. The friction reduces the mechanical energy of the system as time passes, and the motion is said to be DAMPED. This damping progressively reduces the AMPLITUDE of OSCILLATION.

The voltage of a circuit with a resistance of 250 ohms and a current of 0.95 amps is 237.5 volts. Ohms's law: Voltage = Current times Resistance

There is a phenomenon in optics called "total internal reflection". Suppose a light ray is in some medium like glass and is about to exit into the air. If the ray is incident on the glass/air surface at a large enough angle then it gets totally reflected back into the glass. This phenomenon is used in fibre optics. Light is sent into the end of the fibre at an angle, so it travels a short distance and hits the side of the fibre glass tube. Because it is basically a glass/air surface it gets reflected back into the tube and ,of course, promptly hits the other side. But again it is reflected, rather then escaping into the air. So the light travels down the tube, bouncing off the sides as it goes. This is a really neat way of guiding the light along a path you want it to go. The "internal reflection" is highly efficient (meaning almost none escapes). The phenomenon only works when light is in a more dense medium (glass) then the surrounding medium (air). Another words it doesent work if the light is in air and about to enter the glass. In that case some light gets reflected but most of it will travel into the glass. You might try this effect in a swimming pool. Some night take a flashlight under water. First shine the light directly up. It will have no trouble escaping. Now slowly turn the flashlight so the beam hits the surface at an angle. There will be an angle ,called the critical angle, at which the beam is all of a sudden reflected from the surface, back into the pool. The water surface has to be nice and still for this to work but you should be able to see the beam go thru this change. And a person outside should see the bright spot on the surface almost dissapear, since the light is no longer escaping from the water.

The amount of phase shift depends on the resistance that is also present in the system. In an ideal situation, the phase shift would be +90 degrees, but that would require a voltage source with zero resistance, conductors with zero resistance, and an ideal capacitor that exhibited only capacitance.

its the simplest thing to do. There are three legs in a transistor, one each of collector, base and emitter. So if you need to use it as a diode, just connect either collector-base or emitter-base. Say, if you use an NPN transistor, then the base region will be the anode of diode and emitter or collector will be the cathode of the diode.

The lowest frequency of an LC low-pass filter is zero, i.e. DC.

Since there is energy in lightning, this should be possible in theory. However, I haven't read about any project or proposal to get useful power from lightning. Perhaps you can invent something.

norepinephrine

Magnetic field.

I can't do all the math for that but if it helps that's a 1,077.3 watt heat discharge.

because once saturated it will conduct current both way

raja TOQEER (Pakistan)

One step at a time...

RSeries = SummationI=1toN (RI)

RParallel = 1 / SummationI=1toN (1 / RI)

Simply solve what you know, and build on the results.

Rheostat

words that indicate connections between ideas
Signal word include DANGER, WARNING or CAUTION, etc.

Firstly turn of the power before this test...
Using a resistance or continuity tester you should get the following results:

Short circuit: Very low resistance (nearly 0 ohms) or the bell will ring.
Open circuit: Very high resistance (Somewhere in the range of Mega ohms) or the bell will not ring.

The reason for this is because and open circuit has a gap in it (which has high resistance).
The short circuit has wires that are crossed and so has a really low resistance.

reverse saturation current is produced by the thermal activity of the diode materials. This current: 1- Is temprature dependant; that is, it increases as temprature. 2- Accounts fot the major portion of diode reverse current

surface leakage current is produced by contamination on the surface of the device, allowing current flow to bypass the junction

It may not be possible to physically convert AC generator to DC generator. What can be done is that 'Rectifier' of suitable capacity can be connected to the out put of AC generator to get DC supply.

60 dB sound pressure level is about conversational speech listened in 1 meter distance.