Electronics Engineering

{| |- | capacitance of the capacitor is mentioned in KVAR. Formula : KVAR = KW*tan@ FOR tan@, First note the power factor & KW without connecting capacitor. The noted power factor is in cos@.Convert the cos@ value in tan@. for ex. If power factor is 0.6, KW = 200 cos@ = 0.6 cos-1 (0.6) = 53.1 tan (53.1) = 1.333 200*1.333 = 266.6 KVAR if you use 266 KVAR capacitor, Then the power factor improves to unity (1.000). |}

The word ripple in ripple counter refers to the fact that the carry ripples from one flipflop to the next, instead of being pre-calculated by logic so that all the flipflops in the counter change state synchronously. Thus the bits in a ripple counter change state asynchronously with the most significant bits changing last. This can produce race conditions and instabilities in logic circuits that are driven by these counters.

A BJT is one type of transistor and POWER TRANSISTOR can be BJT or MOSFET or some other phenomena.POWER TRANSISTOR are usually those who are used at high current ratings e.g at POWER AMPLIFIER where large transistors are used at final stage to gain output.

The following are all common digital electronic logic gate types:

AND

OR

NAND

NOR

XOR

NOT

There 'truth tables' and therefore their corresponding functions can be found on wikipedia under articles entitled with their respective names.

NAND is a very common gate in commercial digital electronics as all other gates can be imitated by connected the correct number of NAND gates in the correct way. These can then be placed on one IC (Integrated Circuit) chip which reduces cost massively.

Resistivity is the resistance, in ohms, between the opposite faces of a 1-metre-cube of a material.

For metals, resistivity is in the region of 0.0000001 ohm-metre. For semiconductors, it is much higher - it is in the region of 0.01 ohm-metres.

Printed circuit board prototypes can be made from different materials depending on which person created the prototype. One example on Pic Projects describes a prototype made from photo resist boards, art film, UV light boxes, and other materials.

There aren't pixels as such. the face of the CRT is coated with phosphors that light up when electrons strike them. The equivalent pixels would be a function of beam size.

Moving on to later color CRTs, there was a mask overlay to force a pixel effect and isolate the RGB beams to one 'pixel' area.

Pixels don't become real until you have a true digital display when there are in fact individual pixels to light up.

The biggest disadvantages with oscillators are that they have to be stabilized with control heaters. If the oscillator is operated in a non temperature controlled environment it will drift off frequency and it is not good policy to transmit over a wider that necessary bandwidth. The frequency on either side of the offending transmitter will be affected.

current flows as a result of potential difference i.e. in a circuit if there is no voltage difference between two points, no current can flow between those two points. So voltage has to be produced first.

A: practically all capacitors will have an indication of polarity, it maybe a bar or sign or even a color code to signify the potential polarity to be applied to that terminal. There are however non polarized capacitors that will allow either polarity to be applied to either terminal

To check if your TomTom is being charged,connect the charger ,power on the unit , tap the bottom right of the Driving view to get to the route summary screen. If the battery is being charged, the word Charging is shown under the battery symbol on the right. If you don't see the word Charging, the battery is either fully charged (indicated by a completely filled battery symbol) or it isn't receiving external power.

It removes the remaining AC ripple after the rectifier, using capacitors (to bypass it to ground) and/or inductors (to block it).

1 volt

Ohm's law (V = I*R) dictates that if voltage is increased, current must increase proportionately if the resistance stays the same.

Diac is a bidirectional electronic switch that can pass current in either directions according to the polarity applied on it.

The unit of current is the ampere (A), or amp for short. A thousandth of an amp is a milliamp (mA). One amp is equal to one coulomb of charge per second.

Rectifiers will not give a smooth DC voltage. There are ripples in the voltage given the rectifier. So in order to smoothen the voltage we use capacitor in parallel to the rectifier output.

Now lets see how the capacitor smoothen the voltage that is coming from a rectifier......

Capacitor blocks DC and allows AC......

If we take the voltage that is coming from the rectifier it has some ripples

in addition to DC, these ripples can be divided in to sinusoidal wave forms

( fictitious )according to the Fourier series. So the rippled DC now divided

( fictitious ) in to a pure DC and sinusoidal AC wave forms having the frequency that is multiples of ripple frequency.

Now the DC current will not pass through the capacitor as the capacitor blocks DC. But the AC will pass through it i.e the ripple wave forms that are divided ( fictitious ) in to sinusoidal AC wave forms will pass through the capacitor. So only DC current enters in to the load, which will produce a pure DC voltage drop across the load.

In this manner the capacitor smoothens the voltage.

The Instrumentation Technology, being an inter-disciplinary branch of engineering, is heading towards development of new & intelligent sensors, smart transducers, MEMS Technology, Blue tooth Technology. The automation systems in the production are rapidly being enhanced and the demand for highly skilled instrumentation engineers is on the rise. In the instrumentation systems manufacturing sector, the demand for well trained process control engineering graduates is always present. This BE (IT) course provides Instrumentation students with sound theoretical & practical training in the operation and design of electronic instruments, digital logic systems, and computer based automatic process control & instrumentation, & automatic control system design, etc. To meet the industrial requirements of future, students are also made to become well versed with personal computer applications in Instrumentation, Process Control Systems Design, PLCs, DSP Architecture & Design, Microprocessors and Microcontroller System Design & Experimentation, Industrial Electronics & Applications.

An LED is an electircal component which converts electrical energy into light energy whereas an LDR uses light to complete the circuit and maintain the flow of current.

TE10 mode is the dominant mode with a>b, since it has the lowest attenuation of all modes. Either m or n can be zero, but not both.

The purpose of a radiator is to transfer heat as quickly as possible. It is pretty much the opposite of an insulator.