Electronics Engineering

The full original standard defined by the telephone company for connecting 300 baud full-duplex, 1200 baud half-duplex, asynchronous, synchronous, etc. modems to data terminals defines 25 wires. However many of these wires serve very specialized purposes or have become obsolete with improved modems.

Later the standard was modified to permit a subset of the 9 wires most frequently used by asynchronous modems: chassis ground, signal ground, transmit data, receive data, request to send, clear to send, data set ready, data terminal ready, and ring detected.

Many applications can get away with using the bare minimum of 3 wires: signal ground, transmit data, and receive data.

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* Membership Categories * Fee Structure * Code of Conduct * Election / Nomination to the Executive Council * Voting Rights * Check List of Documents to be attached with the Application Form To enrol as a NASSCOM member follow a simple three-step process: Download Brochure # Fill the Membership Application Form # Attach all the documents mentioned in the Checklist of Documents # Enclose the necessary remittances

Membership Category There are two categories of membership: A. Regular Member IT software and services organization registered in India with annual revenue from IT software and services exceeding Rs 1 crore These include: * Software Development Companies * IT Services Companies * Software Product Companies * Resellers of Branded Software Packages * E-Commerce Companies * IT Enabled Service Companies * System Integrators Eligibility: Any firm, society, company or division thereof registered or incorporated in India and conducting business in IT software, IT services with annual revenue exceeding Rs 1 crore is eligible to apply for Regular membership. B. Associate Member Following categories of organization qualify to become Associate Members * Start up IT software and service organization registered in India with annual revenue from IT software and services not exceeding Rs 1 Crore * Liaison offices of overseas organization registered in India * Organizations providing support/affiliated services to IT software and service organizations qualify to become "institutional members" under category of Associate Members. Membership under this category can be sought by: * NGO's * Government Organisations / Departments * Societies engaged in promotion of IT * Financial Institutions * Venture Capital Firms * Research Institutions * Infrastructure Providers * Real Estate Companies * Managements Consultants * Non Profit Organisations * "Companies providing services to IT industry"

(Associate members enjoy all benefits but are not entitled to vote at any meeting of the association) Fee Structure The Fee Structure is as under # One-Time Admission/Application Fee of Rs. 5,000/-. # Annual Subscription Fee, as detailed hereunder. Annual subscription fee for regular members is based on the gross revenues from IT software and services for the previous financial year and shall be calculated on a slab system (See Table below). For start up companies, the annual subscription would be based on the estimated projected turnover of the current financial year. # Annual mailer and newsletter charges of Rs 4800/- applicable for member categories X, Y, Z, E and F. (Members under categories A,B,C and D are not required to pay Mailer/Newsletter charges) Please note that all payments have to be made by demand draft / Cheque in favour of 'NASSCOM' and payable at New Delhi / Mumbai / Chennai / Bangalore / Hyderabad Subscription Fee Structure ANNUAL GROSS REVENUE FROM IT SOFTWARE & SERVICES CATEGORYANNUAL MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTION

(IN RS.) 1. REGULAR MEMBERS * Exceeding Rs 10000 crore A(V) 60,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 5000 crore but not exceeding Rs 10000 crore A(IV) 40,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 2000 crore but not exceeding Rs 5000 crore A(III) 25,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 1000 crore but not exceeding Rs 2000 crore A(II) 12,50,000 * Exceeding Rs 500 crore but not exceeding Rs 1000 crore A(I)7,50,000 * Exceeding Rs 200 crore but not exceeding Rs 500 Crore B 4,50,000 * Exceeding Rs 50 crore but not exceeding Rs 200 Crore C 2,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 20 crore but not exceeding Rs 50 Crore D 85,000 * Exceeding Rs 5 crore but not exceeding Rs 20 Crore E45,000 * Exceeding Rs 1 crore but not exceeding Rs 5 Crore F 22,000 2. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS * Institutional Members X 50,000 * Foreign companies having liaison office in India Y 40,000 * Not exceeding Rs 1 Crore Z 10,000 EXPLANATIONS * In case of members having both IT software and services as well as non-software interest, the subscription shall be based on IT software and services activities only. In case of any doubt the quantum shall be decided by the Executive Council and it will be binding on the members. * Members shall, as and when required by the Association, furnish necessary information relating to their gross turnover and authorised capital. If any member fails to furnish this information, the Association is entitled to charge subscription from such members on the basis of 25 percent increase over its gross sales turnover figures of the previous year. * The annual subscription fees of new members joining after September in any year will be reduced to half the annual fees and those joining later than December in any Financial year will be provided membership on complimentary basis for the financial year under reference, subject to their paying the necessary application and subscription charges for the subsequent year in advance. MEMBERSHIP DUES All membership dues are payable in advance for a financial year (April - March) in full and become due on the first of April each year and are payable before the end of May that year. REVISION OF FEES The Executive Council reserves the right to revise the fee structure, as long as increases are limited to 25 percent of the respective fees and such revision is not effected more than once in a 12-month period. In all other cases, approval of the Association in a General Body meeting is required.

Code of Conduct All members of NASSCOM are bound to conform to the Code of Conduct of the Association, as under: Relationship with Client: Dealings with clients must be conducted in an ethical manner; terms of agreements should be clearly and precisely expressed and fulfilled in good faith; work undertaken should be carried out promptly and efficiently and client's interests properly safeguarded and confidentiality maintained. Relations with Fellow Members: Dealings with fellow members must be conducted in a positive and professional manner and in utmost courtesy and fairness; property rights, work results, confidential data and vendor/client relations of fellow members ought to be respected; and no engagement in harmful, disparaging or predatory tactics will be entertained. Relations with Principals: Members shall represent Principals in a fair and business like manner in accordance with their contract, their property and other rights; and provide full and accurate business records. Relations with Employees: Members shall strive to employ high caliber staff and offer fair and equal opportunities for growth and development. Relevant training and constant upgrading of the employees has to be provided in line with job responsibilities. Also, employees have to be informed of their obligation to keep important data confidential. And of the fact that any professional misconduct constituting of unauthorized disclosure of confidential nature or violation of copyright laws will cause employers to take disciplinary action. Relations with Public: Members shall promote effective use of information technology as an instrument for social and economic good and act as good corporate citizens and fulfill their responsibilities to the community. Relations with International Community: Members shall promote communication with foreign countries, based on international cooperation. They would not harm India 's image, while conducting business abroad. Intellectual Property Protection: Members shall neither use nor encourage the use of pirated software in their own and their client's organizations. Election/Nomination to the Executive Council The general management and the control of the Association shall be vested in the Executive Council, which shall consist of not more than 30 and not less than 3 members. Meetings of the Executive Council shall be held not less than once in 3 months. The Executive Council may, at its discretion, nominate up to a maximum of 6 additional members. In no circumstances may a member company have more than 1 elected representative on the Executive Council. The Chairman and Vice Chairman will be elected by the Executive Council immediately upon its assuming office after the Annual General Meeting, each member of the Executive Council will having one vote for this purpose. The tenure of the Executive Council would be for two years but the Chairman, Vice Chairman, so elected by the Executive Council would assume office for one year. At the end of one year, the Executive Council would again elect a Chairman and Vice Chairman. The outgoing Chairman or Vice Chairman shall be eligible for re-election.

Category Numbers 1. General or Open 18 2. Nominated 6 3. Immediate Past Chairmen(s) 2 4. President / Secretary (ex - office) 1

TOTAL 27 Each member of the Association will have votes as described earlier. The first Executive Council shall dissolve itself at the close of the second Annual General Meeting and a new Council will assume office. Tenure of the members of the Council including its co-opted members will be for two years. However, the term of the Chairman and Vice Chairmen will be for one year. The Council through co-option will fill any temporary vacancy as and when necessary. This will be in addition to the co-opted members referred to earlier. The tenure of these members will coincide with the tenure of the Council. The outgoing council members shall be eligible for re- election.

Voting Rights Regular members are entitled to hold office and vote at any meeting of the Association. The voting rights of members shall be calculated according to the share of annual subscription of members on the following basis (fractions of a rupee being ignored). Associate Members have no voting rights.

Annual Subscription Category VotesRs.22,000 F 1 Rs.45,000 E 2 Rs.85,000 D 3 Rs.2,00,000 C 4 Rs.4,50,000 B 5 Rs.7,50,000 - Rs.60,00,000 A 6 Checklist of Documents If an applicant meets the eligibility criteria, they may apply for membership by sending the following to the NASSCOM Secretariat: * Membership Application Form completed in all respects, duly signed and stamped. * Brief company profile on the company letterhead/printed corporate brochure. * An attested copy of Memorandum and Articles of Association to be provided in case of companies (including the copy of certificate of Incorporation). * An attested copy of Balance Sheet of the last financial year. Start up companies are required to attach a copy of their Project Report/Business Plan. * Certificate of Turnover: Certificate signed by the Company Auditor or Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the applicant or equivalent, stating their gross turnover from IT software and services in the last financial year (Start-ups may give projections for the current financial year). * Details of each of the promoters, in terms of educational and professional background. In case of 100%owned subsidiaries, a profile of the parent company needs to be attached. * In case the company has applied for listing at STP/ SEZ, a copy of the STP/ SEZ approval/ Green card issued needs to be attached. * Letter of reference from two registered NASSCOM member companies. Click here to view the registered members. * Necessary remittances, which includes:

• one-time admission fees of Rs. 5,000/-

• annual membership subscription (see Subscription Fee chart), and

• Mailers and Newsletter charges of Rs .4,800/-per annum

The time constant of a circuit containing a 1 picofarad capacitor and a

10 KOhm resistor is 10K picoseconds, or 10 nanoseconds.

(This is an awfully short period of time. Is the question mis-stated?)

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Another contributor observed:

It's even worse than that! The question was apparently ".01 pf", not 1 pf,

and tau = 0.1 nanosecond.

Those capacitances are the equivalent of a foot or less of a twisted-pair of wires,

or a few inches of parallel printed trace. Sub-nanosecond time constants might

arise in microwave devices ... I don't know, I just use these black boxes in systems.

In any case, as weird and suspect as the numbers may be, the first contributor

had the math perfect and the answer bullet-proof, for the given data.

Matted fur could mean any number of things. To answer this question, you need to provide more information.

If your pet is a long-haired animal, matted fur could just mean you need to brush your pet more.

If the matted fur is around the hind legs area, it could mean your pet is sick.

The best thing to do would be to bring your pet to the veterinarian, so he or she can be examined by a professional, and treated if necessary. At the least, the vet can safely remove the matted fur.

You should NOT try to remove the matted fur at home, because you could seriously injure your pet. You might try washing the area, but if the fur is badly matted, that probably won't work. If you do try to wash the area, use a cloth, with water in a bucket or something. Don't put your pet in the bath: it's stressful, and can lead to injury.

If your pet is a rabbit, please see the related questions below for info and links.