Fire Prevention and Protection

Prior to its actual "organization", the founding members of the NFPA issued "Rules for Installation of Automatic Sprinkler Protection" in 1895. There was an organizational meeting in 1896, and in 1897 committees were established for Fire Sprinklers, Fire Hose and Hydrants, and Fire Doors and Windows.

Around the same time, in 1897, the consolidated "Rules" for electrical installations also were issued, becoming the National Electrical Code, quickly adopted in lieu of the five or more existing, but incompatible, "standards."

The National "fire code" was published much later.

You can purchase fire escape ladders at your local Lowe's and Home Depot stores. You can also purchase one from the Amazon website and have it shipped directly to your house.

I am going to break your question down a little bit here:

Police and Fire protection are funded by your local government (Even Volunteer Fire and Rescue Squads). There are many things that go into the funding levels and required services.

Even if there is a low population density in a given area, services still need to be required due to enforcement and protection requirements. If a woods fire starts in a low population density area but it is a very dense forest, the implications are much more wide spread.

Water and Sewage is directly demand driven. If you have a rural road that has 10 residents, and they are spread out over a long stretch, the Water and Sewage providers still have to maintain that level of service across the entire stretch. The cost involved in this does not provide incentive to install water systems proactively. These systems will only be installed on demand.

Just below the bottom edge of the window, so the side rails do not block the opening.

In many cases it takes a tragedy for people to realize the mistakes that were being made, resulting in the tragedy. Once the mistakes are known, they can become the seed for reform, such as enacting new code to require people to at least pay attention so the same thing doesn't happen again.

Bottom line, when new code is adopted it raises a presumption that anyone who has not conformed to the new standard may be found negligent, if anything bad happens, now that it is foreseeable and steps could be taken. This creates a very delicate situation where it would be expensive to upgrade existing buildings to the new code, but the fire marshal is loathe to "grandfather life safety violations."

tinder, dry leaves, Dry grass, that kinda stuff

Smoke inhalation is usually the first element of a fire that is most likely to kill.

When materials in a home or building burn, they often give off toxic vapors or smoke, which can asphyxiate when breathed in over a short period of time.

If the fire is small try to put it out using a fire extinguisher if you have one, provided you're certain it is the right sort of extinguisher for the type of fire. If you don't have an extinguisher, or don't have the right type, use thick, heavy rugs or anything else which will cut oxygen from the fire. Never use synthetic fabrics, and never, ever use cushions or pillows, which will be filled with materials that will not only burn - and feed the fire - but will give off toxic fumes as they burn. Try to remove all flammable items from around the fire. If you can see that the fire is becoming uncontrollable, call 911 and evacuate the house if needed.

It depends upon type and size of building, type and level of hazards, and other criteria. For example, a modern high-rise office would almost never be evacuated all at once, but an explosives factory may need additional fire exits for quick evacuation.

Some occupancies are rated according to how long it takes to evacuate, requiring additional life-safety protections for facilities having slow or impractical evacuation times.

A laundry sprinkler is a device designed to freshen and remove odors from clothing between washes. It typically sprays a fine mist of water or a specially formulated solution onto garments, allowing them to air out and regain a fresher scent. This can be especially useful for delicate fabrics or items that aren’t heavily soiled and don’t require a full wash. The laundry sprinkler can help reduce the frequency of washing, thereby extending the life of garments and saving water.

Life Safety Code addresses the features of a structure that provide for protection of the occupants from injury or death due to fire or explosion. Such features include requirements for structure, exits, limits on occupancy types, limits on occupant numbers, fire protection systems and operating procedures to maintain safety.

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) maintains a Life Safety Code under NFPA 101, which contains cross references to other NFPA standards, building standards and engineering standards.

Health(Blue) = 2

Flammability(Red) = 0

Reactivity(Yellow) = 2

Specials(White) = OX (Oxidizing agent)

When there's a fire.

if you stand under it, believe it or not, you will get sprayed less.

...or just run. :)

Without fuel the fire will go out.

The answer depends upon what fire code applies. There are places where fire sprinklers are not required in one- or two-family buildings at all, where amended national fire codes have been enacted locally.

The fuel (oil, gasoline, etc) is typically trapped in an absorbent material or lying on a surface that is preventing it from burning (by sinking away heat).

Petroleum products have lower densities than water, i.e. they float on top of water. When you add water, it soaks down into the materials present, which causes the fuel to float to the surface. The high temperature causes the water to boil and project bits of fuel and water droplets into the air. If it's hot enough, this will cause the fire to blaze up; otherwise it usually just spreads the fire around.

Hence, fires caused by petroleum products are extinguished by solid or gas fire suppressants (sand, foam ect.) as it forms a layer over the petroleum product on fire, thereby, cutting out the oxygen supply needed for it to continue to burn.

Water is an extinguisher of a burning flame.

Answer: FUEL: Like us, fires die without food. Firemen exploit this principle in forest and brush fires when they create a firebreak in the path of the main fire. In a kitchen setting, eliminating the fuel may simply mean turning off the gas. In other settings, however, eliminating the fuel may be difficult if not impossible.

OXYGEN: Once again, like us, a fire must breathe. Toss a shovelful of dirt or a fire blanket over a fire, and you smother it. The oxygen level, incidentally, need not go down to zero for a fire to suffocate. If you reduce the oxygen level from the normal 21 percent in the air around us to 15 percent, many substances-flammable liquids, for example, and even some solids-will no longer burn.

No, under the definitions in the NFPA Life Safety Code, a "means of egress" includes an exit access, an exit and an an exit discharge.

In that sense, "exit access" is everything an occupant must pass through on the way to an "exit", where an "exit" is a door to a safe place, either a fire door into another fire partition, a door outside, a fire door to a smokeproof stairwell, or a fire door into an "exit" comprised of a protected horizontal passageway.

In other words, you use an "exit access" to get TO an exit, and you use an exit to get to an exit discharge (which reaches a public way).

Examples of exit access would include any distance through an unprotected space on the way to an exit, whether it's across an open warehouse floor, across theater seats and down an aisle, or going down an unprotected stairway. Since those areas are not fire-resistant, they are "exit access".

NFPA refers to the National Fire Prevention Association, headquartered in Braintree, Massachusetts, USA.

They maintain a huge website at NFPA.org.