Fire Prevention and Protection

The number 4 on the NFPA 704 placard indicates the highest hazard in any of the three categories (health, fire, reactivity).

NFPA 25 Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems contains requirements for FDC signage (e.g. 4.8 and 13.7.1), for all water-based systems. Each individual standard for the specific type of system (sprinkler, standpipe, etc), there are specifications for signage.

For example, NFPA 13: 8.17.2.4.7 "Signs" specifies the signs required for an FDC servicing a sprinkler riser, including height of lettering and required legends.

Life Safety Code, NFPA 101 ®, specifies the requirements for when fire doors are necessary, and what rating is required, in each different type of occupancy.

College degree in fire science, protection engineering, certifications, licensing, experience and other qualifications.

As a general rule, exit signs must be placed above each exit doorway and in locations where the direction to the exit doorway is not clear.

There are many different laws, depending upon what jurisdiction you're in, what type of building it is, and how many exits there are, among other things.

International Building Code (IBC) specifies where exit signs must be located, as do various Fire Codes and Life Safety Codes. Other rules include when and how they must be illuminated, how backup power is tested, etc.

Local regulations may require more than the minimum number. For example, local code may require additional exit signs at floor level, in certain circumstances, making them easier to find when crawling in a smoky hallway.

A fire on or near the property line may have enough power to ignite adjacent fuel, including other buildings hundreds of feet away. Fire-brands (embers) may be carried by the fire's convection, supplemented by the wind. Radiation from a large fire may be powerful enough to ignite fires inside nearby buildings, where the radiation enters through the windows.

Some urban fire codes prohibit opposite-facing windows in adjacent storage buildings. In other words, windows must be offset to prevent the radiation from fire in one building from being projected into the next building through its windows.

Yes, both wet and dry systems have valves.

The most common fire sprinkler system is a wet pipe system wich always has water in it. The sprinkler heads have a heat sensitive element, most commonly a glass bulb filled with liquid that expand when exposed to heat, after a certain temperature is met , usually 160 degrees or more the glass bulb breaks and allows water to flow on the fire in a uniform water density. The sprinkler system may have an alarm device that sounds an audible alarm in the building, and/or call the fire department. The system may have a connection for the fire department to add to the automatic water supply. there are other types of systems, dry-pipe, preaction, and others which are similar but do not have water in the piping initally due to concerns of freezing water in the system, or sensitive areas where accidental water damage would be a greater problem than fire.(museums, computer rooms, etc)

It depends upon what you're planning to use them for.

If you're starting a fire brigade, you must buy tested and certified hose for proper safety.

If you're just using it for transferring water around in your own property, you can often buy used hoses that the fire department no longer needs or that is too worn to be used safely under firefighting pressure.

Like anything else, you can sometimes find used (or even new) fire hose in various online advertising (Craigslist, Uncle Henry's, eBay, etc). For new hose, there are numerous online catalogs that cater to fire service professionals but are open to anybody.

In the past the FDC was optional. NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems now requires the connection except for systems of 20 sprinkler heads or less, or when permission has been obtained from the authority having jurisdiction.

Sources- Brannigan & Corbett- Building Construction for the Fire Service (4th Ed) 2008. The above is a direct quote on page 288 if you so need it for a paper.

So when you have more than 20 sprinkler heads, or when you have obtained permission.

Doug E.

Yes, valves that are not closed will cause a major problem when the standpipe is tested annually, i.e., flooding or even an explosive hose deployment inside a cabinet.

Health (Blue): 1

Flammability (Red): 2

Reactivity (Yellow): 0

Special (White): None

It depends upon whether you mean the standard that requires or allows a fire hose cabinet to be present (and their locations), or the requirements for installations, or for the manufacture of a fire hose cabinet, or the requirements for occupant training if there are fire hose cabinets.

Regarding fire hose cabinet placement and training: that would be covered by the locally adopted fire code, such as NFPA 1 and NFPA 101® LIfe Safety Code®, under the "fire protection systems" required for a particular facility.

The requirements for the mechanism, configuration and installation would be covered in the cross-referenced NFPA 14, "Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems" and maintenance would be covered in NFPA 25, "Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems."

The NFPA is a non-profit corporation that sells memberships, publications and education services to support its mission.

Rasco 1993 H - K 14.2

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There are over 360 NFPA codes and standards, which provide the basis for inspection under various circumstances. NFPA 1031 addresses the professional qualifications of those who carry out fire inspections and plans reviews.

Locally enacted statutes and ordinances often adopt the Life Safety Code and National Fire Code (or equivalent) as the legal requirements for fire inspections.

Individual sections of those codes would be the source of the inspection requirements pertinent to a particular type of occupancy or hazard, with reference to the general requirements for all hazards and specific other codes and standards for particular situations.

For example, Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) Chapter 15 contains the "life safety" requirements for "existing educational occupancies" with reference to Chapter 9 for fire protection equipment, which references NFPA 10, the standard for fire extinguishers, which references Underwriter's Laboratories and other industrial standards for manufacturing and testing the actual devices.

Similarly, NFPA 1, the National Fire Code, contains fire prevention requirements for all sorts of hazards and occupancies, with reference to other codes and standards for specific criteria.

A "4" in the blue quadrant of NFPA 704 indicates that the substance is known to be highly hazardous to an individual's health. The scale runs from 0 to 4 with 0 being essentially harmless and 4 being extremely harmful or potentially fatal.

The number 4 means it is too dangerous to enter the liquid or vapor, as compared with number 3, which means you can work with it if you are fully protected.

Max. 32 fps ,NFPA 13 but now deleted from this standard.

I think the song is Gnossiennes:No1-Lent by composer Eric Satie

Health (blue) 0

Flammability (red) 1

Reactivity (yellow) 0

100