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First Aid

First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured casualty until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.

3,968 Questions

Will you die from a bee sting if you are allergic?

Usually, no. However some people are hypersensitive to wasp venom and can have a very severe reaction called anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis. If not treated quickly the person can die from that.

Should you eat after a knock to the head?

It's very important to take care of a complex concussion with making sure you are roused every few hours or so from sleep. If you start feeling things like confusion or have severe nausea/vomiting, you make sure to DEMAND a CT scan be done of your head. NOT an MRI...but a CT scan to check for any bleeds on the brain. An MRI will not always pick those up. Also...NO aspirin products! Tylenol based products only if you develop a headache while at home. You need to get a LOT of rest. Be aware that it can take a couple of weeks to fully recover from a complex concussion...so you have to take it easy. Low lights and avoid a lot of noise.

What would you do if you found a patient collapsed on the floor while cleaning in a hospital?

obviously turn off the water if its on. call 911 immediately. check to see if patient is breathing and has a pulse. If not initiate CPR. also, do not move patient as there could be neck or spinal injury. wait for paramedics to arrive.

What happens if you swallow an artificial tooth?

Don't worry if you have swallowed an artificial tooth. It may come out either by womitting or by potty.

What is the difference between a laceration and puncture?

  • Incision: a smooth cut made cleanly with a sharp instrument or object.
  • Laceration: an irregular cut or tear, typically made accidentally or forcibly.

Can an injured person refuse first aid?

An injured person can refuse treatment. Although you should explain the consequences if they refuse treatment. For example, if somebody has a wound and they refuse treatment you should explain how it could get infected if not treated.

However, if a patient has a possible injury to their head or is unable to make appropriate decisions due to a neurological condition then you could treat the patient but if you are a first aider then you should not treat the patient yourself and should contact 999 for further advice. As it is a grey area and can really depend on that specific case.

What is secondary survey in first aid?

Secondary survey also known as secondary assessment is the process of discovering what has actually happened to the casualty and what injuries they have.

Secondary assessment is undergone after the primary assessments have been completed: (DR ABC- danger, response, airways, breathing and circulation) once it is clear that the casualty is breathing and whether they are conscious or not the secondary assessment can be underway.

from the head to the toes each part of the body is examined for bleeding, lumps and bumps, broken bones and deformities. As well as finding out about the physical injuries you should also look out for any medical alert bracelets which may state whether that person has an illness such as epilepsy; which in turn could be the reason for their collapse for example.

Is a heat stroke the same as a stroke?

No, a stroke is also refered to as a cerebral vascular accident, it is when a blood clot or a bleed occurs in the brain. Heat stroke is when a person or animal gets overheated, eventually the portion of the brain that controls a persons aability to control body temperature is affected and they can no longer sweat to cool the body. Their temp becomes so high there is brain damage and often death.

Since the victim is unconscious what carry do you use?

An ambulance at the least, best if it carries intensive care equipment.

How do you shoot up pills?

Just like any other pill. Dilute it in water, heat, cotton, shoot!

In the heimlich maneuver your fist goes between the victims xiphoid and their?

This is incorrect. The xiphoid process is too high anatomically and wont do anything during the Heimlich. Proper hand positioning is a fingers width above the umbilicus (belly button).

What objects should be included in a first aid kit?

Most store bought first aid kits, especially the cheap ones, are very poor in terms of quality, quantity, and selection of items, and are only suited for treating very minor injuries. A homemade kit, if properly prepared, is generally better and sometimes cheaper than most commercial kits. A generic first aid kit is better than nothing. However, the contents of a first aid kit should be optimized for local conditions. For example, a kit for hikers in snake country should have a snakebite kit. A kit aboard a boat should have medications for seasickness. One list of items for a first aid kit are as follows:

Adhesive bandages are one of the most commonly used items in a first aid kit

  • Dressings (sterile, applied directly to wound)
    • Pads
      • Sterile eye pads
      • Sterile gauze pads
      • Sterile nonadherent pads
      • Burn dressing (sterile pad soaked in a cooling gel)
    • airtight dressing, can be used to treat a "sucking chest wound," in which air is sucked into the chest cavity, collapsing the lung. For this use, dressings should be taped on three sides only, to create a "one-way valve")
      • petroleum gauze (also used as non-adherent dressing)
      • Half of any gauze wrapper can be used, since the inside is sterile and air-tight
  • Bandages (sterility is not necessary, used to secure a dressing)
    • Gauze Roller bandages - absorbent, breathable, and often elastic
    • Elastic bandages - used for sprains, and pressure bandages
    • Adhesive, elastic roller bandages - Very effective pressure bandages or durable, waterproof bandaging
    • Triangular bandages - used as slings, tourniquets, to tie splints, and many other uses
Sometimes dressings and bandages are combined, in which case they must be sterile.
  • Adhesive bandages (band-aids, sticking plasters)
    • straight adhesive bandages
    • Butterfly (knuckle) bandages

Disposable gloves should be provided in a first aid kit

Instruments

  • Adhesive tape, hypoallergenic
  • Trauma shears, for cutting clothing and general use
  • Tweezers
  • Irrigation syringe, for cleaning wounds
  • Rubber suction bulb, for clearing the airway of an unconscious patient
  • If treating snakebites is a concern. This is the only snakebite kit generally recognised as not causing further damage and possibly reducing the effects of a snakebite.[citation needed]
Equipment

A torch (flashlight) is a useful addition to a first aid kit, especially one placed in a vehicle

  • Splint(s)
    • SAM Splint - Versatile splint made of malleable aluminum covered with foam
    • Air splints - Easy to apply, can also help control bleeding, but bulkier and more expensive
    • Wire ladder splint
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
    • Gloves, disposable non-latex
    • CPR mask or other breathing barrier such as a face shield
  • Eye cup or small plastic cup
  • Torch (also known as a flashlight)
  • Instant-acting chemical cold packs
  • Sterile eye wash (commonly saline)
    • Sterile saline may also be used for cleaning wounds where clean tap water is not available.
  • Swabs, sterile non-woven
  • Space blanket (lightweight plastic foil blanket, sometimes called "emergency blanket")
  • Alcohol rub (hand sanitizer) or antiseptic hand wipes
  • Thermometer
  • Penlight
Medication (Single use packets of medications, ointments, and antiseptics will prolong shelf life, decrease contamination risk, reduce risk of leakage (usually), and save space (for small quantities). If large amounts of a medication are needed, a multi-use container can be used in addition, but keep single-use packets as a backup. For general household use (not in first aid kits), single use packets can be wasteful and bad for the environment.)
  • Antiseptics/antimicrobial
    • Povidone iodine wipes - very effective and painless, but messy. Can also be used to purify water
    • Benzalkonium Chloride - painless, effective, often includes anesthetic. (Bactine is one brand.)
    • Alcohol pads - should not be used on open cuts or wounds, since they cause tissue damage and delay healing. They can be used to prep unbroken skin for injections etc. or to disinfect equipment such as thermometers. While not a medical use, alcohol pads are also useful as a solvent to remove ink, adhesives, etc.
    • Antibiotic ointment - single, double, or triple antibiotic ointment in petroleum jelly base (i.e. Neosporin, Polysporin). Since it has a petroleum jelly base, it can be used for things such as chapped lips.
  • Antiseptic/anesthetic ointment or spray
  • Anti-itch ointment (especially for outdoor kits)
    • hydrocortisone cream
    • antihistamine cream, such as benadryl
    • calamine lotion
  • Painkillers / fever reducers (since moderate fevers are beneficial, avoid unless necessary)
    • Acetaminophen (brand name Tylenol)
    • Ibuprofen (such as Advil) - anti-inflammatory, often more effective that acetaminophen
    • Naproxen (such as Aleve) - similar to ibuprofen, but stronger and longer lasting
    • Aspirin - one 300mg Aspirin tablet may be given to a patient suffering a heart attack, to be chewed slowly.
  • Antihistamines - can treat allergies and allergic reactions, including life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Although OTC (over-the-counter) medications are far less effective at treating anaphylaxis than epinephrine or prescription drugs, they are much better than nothing and can be potentially life saving, and therefore may be the most valuable medication in a first aid kit.
    • Benadryl
  • Aloe vera gel - used for a wide variety of skin problems, including burns, sunburns, itching, and dry skin
  • Burn gel - a water based gel that acts as a cooling agent and often includes a mild anesthetic such as lidocaine and, sometimes, an antiseptic such as tea tree oil
  • Epinephrine auto-injector (brand name Epipen) - Often included in kits for wilderness use and in places like summer camps, to treat anaphylactic shock. Requires a prescription and can be used with minimal training.
  • Poison treatments
    • Activated charcoal - to be used when directed by poison control.
    • Syrup of ipecac - to be used when directed by poison control.

In what year was the first Live Aid concert?

The first Live Aid concert was held on July 13th, 1985. Live Aid was founded by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure in an attempt to raise money for relief of famine in Ethiopia.

How much blood is lost in a pelvic fracture?

I will try to answer it although the question could be considered very similar to "How much would a car crash cost me to repair"

The "average" "severe" pelvic fractures can bleed around 6 units of blood (pints or 473ml)

Fortunately, the more common fracture of pubic rami (common in old ladies) bleed much less, perhaps 0.5 - 2 units

A fractured femur can bleed around 3 or 4 units

Absolutely ALL fractures anywhere in the body will bleed. No exceptions. Amount varies from 4ml for a very simple finger fracture, to "bleeding to death" in pelvic fractures.

I have been involved in treating numerous cases of pelvic fractures. Despite stabilisation with external skeletal fixation frame, 4 cases of them just continued bleeding any units of blood we infuse. The blood was leaking into pelvic and abdominal cavity.

One patient stopped bleeding with a clever interventional radiologist arterial blockage, the second by laparotomy and ligating the internal iliac artery and the other 2 died despite the ligations.

Nowadays, most serious pelvic injuries are sustained in unrestrained car crashes.

I always wear my seatbelt. So you should.

What treatment for salt overdose?

Hyperkalemia (too much potassium in the blood) is a medical emergency. It can induce EKG changes. Emergency aggressive therapy must be initiated.

One way to reduce the serum potassium levels is by driving potassium into the cells. This can be achieved by administering insulin + dextrose. Insulin is needed to move the potassium into the cells, but dextrose (sugar) is also given to avoid hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

However, calcium gluconate IV is administered temporarily until the potassium is driven into the cells by the insulin. Calcium gluconate does not decrease the blood level of potassium. Instead, it antagonizes the effect of the potassium on the heart muscle.

What is the function of the cruciate ligament of knee?

Knee joint is architectural wonder.It is a Hinge joint. It has got Medial collateral ligament and Lateral collateral ligament from lower end of Femur bone to upper end of Tibia bone.There is a Synovial membrane covering the joint, containing Synovial fluid in it, to lubricate the joint. We have Anterior Cruciate ligament attached to anterior side of upper end of Tibia to posterior part of lower end of Femur and Posterior Cruciate ligament is attached to posterior and upper end of Tibia to lower and anterior end of Femur. They are extremely strong ligaments,witch prevent forward and backward dislocation of Knee joint, making it one of the strongest joint in body. You have two menisci also.(Lateral and Medial.)

What do you use figure eight bandages for?

The figure of eight bandage is usually used around joint areas, such as ankle, elbow, and knee due to the good support it provides in that area. See the related link on how to apply a figure of eight bandage.

Is there any poison to cure snake bite?

Yes - if it's a venomous species that caused the bite. You'd need the correct anti-venin treatment.

What causes a red ring after an insect sting?

As far as I can tell, I can't find an answer to why that red ring or bullseye pattern appears, but I'm getting to know the culprits. Bullseye patterns appear from the bites of Arachnids. This family includes spiders and ticks (as well as other buggy members that don't seem to leave that bullseye). I've seen bite from Brown Recluses, White Spiders, ticks of all flavors (including ticks that are and aren't Deer Ticks). Not all leave that bullseye every time they bite. FYI, bedbugs don't leave that bullseye.

As to Lyme's Disease, it's carried by ticks alright (mostly in the Deer Tick, in America's Northeast, although Northern California gets some as do some spots in Asia (different species here). So far, almost all cases of Lyme's Disease start with a tick bite that bullseyes. BUT -- not all bullseyes cause Lyme's Disease. In fact, Lyme's disease is pretty rare when compared to the huge number of arachnidae bites we all experience. I realize there's an episode of "House" where they identify Lyme's disease by finding the bullseye. But they only have an hour to amaze you, so they skip the fact that not all or even most bullseyes indicate something truly dangerous.

Infections from bites can occur, but the bullseye is NOT an infection sign.

As to treatment, mostly observation is the key. If nothing happens and it goes away -- great. If the patient starts spiking a high temperature, if the wound seeps or an open sore forms, if thread-like red lines appear, radiating from the wound, if it feels really hot to the touch after a day or two, if flu-like symptoms develop -- go to a doctor. If the patient starts having problems breathing, go to the ER instantly, or call for help. If none of these things happen, keep the wound clean and watch it heal.

I want to close with one last thought. There's a saying in diagnostic medicine that goes like this: "When you hear hoofbeats outside your window, don't go looking for Zebras". It means, look first for the common, likely answer, before you start looking for bizarre, rare or exotic diagnoses.

Can you be allergic to calamine lotion?

Depends on what your skin type is. If your skin is sensitive you might see red marks on your body or develope a serious rash. If you buy a lotion product that contains some ingredient that yu might be allergic to then yes you can be allergic to the lotion.

What is the purpose of triage?

Triage is a process first aid, clinical and medical personnel use to classify patients according to seriousness so treatment and resources can be prioritized.

Often, first aiders and ambulance personnel are called to attend Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI). An MCI is defined as a situation where the number of patients outnumber the number of first aiders or resources available for standard treatment procedures to be followed.

When triaging, patients are classified into the following categories, each with a colour and description tag:

0. Deceased - White/Black - no treatment needed.

1. Critical - Red - unlikely to make recovery, treatment should be prioritized for other patients who have a greater chance of surviving.

2. Serious - Yellow - prompt intervention needed .

3. Moderate - Green - intervention needed but can be delayed

4. Minor - Green - only minor intervention needed. These are often bystanders or witnesses of the accident. They can also be used as assistants for holding a dressing in place, calling for help etc

Effective and efficient triaging requires some practice.

What are the 3 different heart conditions?

There are a variety of types of heart conditions. These include rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease.