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General and Special Relativity

Relativity is the theory stating that all measurements depend on the relative motions of the observer and the observed. The theories of general and specific relativity were both proposed by Albert Einstein.

813 Questions

What are gravitational waves?

According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, objects with mass "bend" space-time, which is part of how gravity works. (Space-time is basically the combination of space at time, using time as a kind of "fourth dimension".)

When objects move around, they change the way the space-time is curved around them. In some cases, when an object accelerates, the result changes in the curvature of space-time propagate outwards at the speed of light. The propagation of the changes in the curvature of space-time is what is known as gravitational waves.

Why friction needs to be increased at homes?

Well friction is a force that acts between two surfaces in contact. Although it has unwanted effects like loss of energy or wear and tear, yet it is a very important force and is thus sometimes called 'the necessary evil'. At homes friction needs to be increased on stairs, floors, especially bathroom floors in order to prevent accidents due slipping or skidding. The greater friction between shoes/feet and the floor, the lesser is the chance of slipping. In bathrooms, water/soap on the floor may reduce friction drastically thus greatly increasing the chances of slipping.

What would be the result of adding the fifth dimension to the other four in terms of space travel?

Well current superstring theory, requires that there be at least ten dimensions in the universe. However it does not explain why we are only able to observe four of these dimensions. Some versions of string theory require that there be at least 26 dimensions in the universe.

So there are already more than the five dimensions you are curious about.

Is distance covered during nth second more than the distance covered in n seconds?

Distance covered in nth second means the distance covered in that particular second . It cannot be more than the distance covered in n seconds which means the distance covered in a total time of n seconds.

What effect did they have on the Starving Time?

During that winter the English were afraid to leave the fort, due to a legitimate fear of being killed by the Powhatan Indians. As a result they ate anything they could: various animals, leather from their shoes and belts, and sometimes fellow settlers who had already died. By early 1610 most of the settlers, 80-90% according to William Strachey, had died due to starvation and disease.

In May 1610, shipwrecked settlers who had been stranded in Bermuda finally arrived at Jamestown. Part of a fleet sent the previous fall, the survivors used two boats built on Bermuda to get to Jamestown. Sir Thomas Gates, the newly named governor, found Jamestown in shambles with the palisades of the fort torn down, gates off their hinges, and food stores running low. The decision was made to abandon the settlement. Less than a day after leaving, however, Gates and those with him, including the survivors of the "Starving Time," were met by news of an incoming fleet. The fleet was bringing the new governor for life, Lord Delaware. Gates and his party returned to Jamestown.

What does the Lagangrian Function do and mean?

Lagrangian (L) summarizes the dynamics of the system.

Generally, in classical physics, the Lagrangian is defined as follows:

L=T-Vwhere T is kinetic energy of the system and V is its potential energy.

If the Lagrangian of a system is has been defined, then the equations of motion of the system may also be obtained.

What is the main goal of density and atomic spacing experiment?

The main goal of a density and atomic spacing experiment is to determine the relationship between the mass and volume of a substance, allowing for the calculation of its density. By examining atomic spacing, the experiment aims to understand how the arrangement of atoms within a material influences its density and other physical properties. This information is fundamental in materials science, enabling the development and optimization of new materials for various applications.

What problems did Albert Einstein encounter when trying to understand relativity?

Albert Einstein faced significant conceptual challenges in understanding relativity, particularly in grasping the implications of time and space being intertwined and relative rather than absolute. He struggled with reconciling the principles of electromagnetism with Newtonian physics, which were well-established at the time. Additionally, Einstein had to overcome his own intuitive notions of simultaneity and the nature of light, ultimately leading to revolutionary ideas that transformed our understanding of physics. These challenges required him to think beyond traditional frameworks and embrace counterintuitive concepts.

What is the lowest speed that counts as a significant fraction of C?

There can be only subjective answers to your question. There is no "lowest," since it depends on how you define "significant," but 0.5c is usually considered to be the point were the rate of change begins to take off rapidly.

What is the most exact prediction of the relativity theory?

Well, to pick out a few of them . . . Relativity predicts that if you see an object that

you're familiar with moving through your room and you do some measurements on

it before it's gone, you'll find that its length has shrunk, its mass has increased,

and the clock inside it is running slow. Relativity tells you exactly how much these

properties of the object will change, depending on how fast it's moving past you.

These numbers have been tested from 99 bazillion different angles in thousands

of experiments during the past 100 years, and have been proven to be right on,

at least to the precision of which the measurements are capable.

Here's an example that I think is so cool: Have you ever used a GPS receiver ?

GPS uses very accurate atomic clocks aboard each GPS satellite. Those clocks

have to be changed in order for GPS to work, because Relativity tells us how much

the clocks will run slow on account of the satellite's speed in its orbit. If the clocks

are not adjusted to account for Relativity, GPS doesn't work.

Where do you report scientific discoveries?

If you made a scientific discovery you generally write a paper for a peer-reviewed magazine (such as Nature) and submit it. If it is good enough it will appear in some future issue.

If your discovery was made as part of your work in a company it is also possible that they want to patent it, or have certain restrictions on papers you write in order to profit from the discovery first themselves.

If you made the discovery yourself you can also patent it yourself.

How can a person skate up a ramp against gravity?

Well, since anti-gravity isn't really an option at this point in time, you're going to need energy to get you moving that is greater than the force of gravity.

Since you'll be going up a ramp you will start at a horizontal position before reaching the vertical ascent point.

What you will need when you hit the vertical ascent point is enough energy to carry you up.

If you have a weight of 150 and you want to climb 15 feet, you're going to need a force of 2250 lbs ft.

To get this force, there are a couple of things you can try:

1- get going really fast on foot.

2- use gravity, i.e. go down another ramp to build your speed.

3- use some kind of outward force, like ropes to pull you up.

4- (my favorite) build a rocket pack and let that carry you up the ramp.

So really, it's quite easy to defeat gravity (for a short time at least) as long as you have the force necessary to break it's hold.

Why does a moving object gain mass?

Mass is the sum of energies, both kinetic and potential. As the velocity increases so does the kinetic energy of object.

What is the velocity addition problem?

If a train moves west at 30 mph and a boy runs westward down the aisle at 8 mph, his overall velocity is 38mph. If a car could drive 100 mi/s and the headlights were on, the speed of the light will be 186292 mi/s and not 186392 mi/s as one would think.

Is there only one universe?

According to quantum theory, and many other theories, and scientists, there may actually be a multiverse. A multiverse is just what it sounds like - multiple universes. However, there is no proof of multiverses right now, so the only facts we have is that there is only one universe.

What is Einstein's formula for relativity?

E=mc2 reads Energy is equal to mass multiply by the speed of light squared. This is call the energy and mass equivalence equation.

Formula to calculate magnitude of the resultant vector?

Magnitude of the resultant vector = Square root of

[ (sum of x-components of all component vectors)2 plus

(sum of y-components of all component vectors)2

plus (sum of z-components of all component vectors)2 ]