Genetic Engineering

it is quite simple really we can look for things that have genes to protect you from diseases we then copy the genes and put them in in a vaccine and we will be able to prevent humans from getting the disease

Genetic enginering is the transfer of DNA from one organism to another. By doing this organisms can be produced that have useful traits. For example, the human gene for insulin was put into bacteria, resulting in the production of a bacteria that produced insulin as a waste product. This break through allowed us to produce large quantities of human insulin for dibetics.

A blotting paper is used to absorb excess oil from your skin.

Occurs during prophase I of meiosis (pachytene) in a process called synapsis. Crossover usually occurs when matching regions on matchingchromosomes break and then reconnect to the other chromosome.

The value of crossing over is that each parent has a different daughter cell.

chromosome 15 it causes the build up of a chemical called gangliosides because the defect causes the body to lack production of the protein hexosaminidase which breaks down the chemical.

There are so many features of underdevelopment. Some of them include poor infrastructure, limited industries, high rate of illiteracy, poverty, unemployment and so much more.

That's right! :P

The reasons vary, but generally they involve the belief that the safety of GMO foods has not been proven and/or the belief that more harm is being done to the environment and animal and human health.

Yes, there have been documented cases of health issues in cloned animals, such as higher rates of birth defects, genetic abnormalities, and shortened lifespan compared to non-cloned animals. These issues can arise due to errors in the cloning process and genetic abnormalities that occur during the cloning procedure.

They take one cell that produces a protein, for example, e. coli, that lives in the gut of humans and they remove the DNA

Then they take the actual DNA from the insulin producing gland cells, and they insert it into the empty nucleus of the cell. Now you have a cell which has a "computer program" telling it to produce insulin instead of the original protein it was meant to produce. The cell can reproduce and produce more insulin. Then they actually "harvest" human insulin. In general, this is the same way that they duplicate human growth hormone and other human or animal hormones.

The usual way is with a synchronous generator connected to the distribution system.

Formation of four haploid nuclei.

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Meiosis is the process by which most organisms produce gametes that are used in reproduction with half the number of chromosomes of a normal somatic cell. During the first stage of Meiosis, Prophase I, there is a homologous chromosome for every chromosome that codes for the same traits but may have genes that code for a different form of that trait. Without crossing over, each new generation would inherit an identical set of chromosomes from each parent. During crossing over however, two homologous chrosomes will connect via a chiasma at the same region along each chrosome to form a tetrad. Once joined, genetic mateiral from one chromosome is traded with another, forming chromsomes with a mix of traits from both parent chromosomes. This process allows for increased diversity and is necessary for the maintainance of an evolving society.

Very simply put, a gene is a region of DNA that codes for a protein DNA is composed of 4 different nucleotide bases- guanine, adenine, thymine, and cytosine. A group of three of these is called a codon. A codon codes for a particular amino acid. A protein is composed of a chain of amino acids put together in the codons are in. Therefore the genetic information is the sequence of codons and by extension the sequence of nucleotide bases.

1. A vector such as plasmid is needed along with a host cell. Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are enzymes that are used to introduce foreign DNA into a vector.

We can improve our foods using genetic manipulation. long life tomatoes for example are a product of genetic engineering. We can also identify, and isolate unwanted genes in order to try and eliminate them from a species, or we can isolate genes responsible for positive traits and try to promote them in a species.

Human genetic engineering is considered a moral and ethical controversy because some people believe that "tampering" with genetics is against their religion and some believe it is just inhumane and unfair to those being tested on and altered.

Asexual reproduction impacts genetic variation by limiting future genetic change to mutations only; sexual reproduction allows future generation to mix in a nearly infinite range of phenotypes (external appearance).

mRNA that includes introns due to errors in mRNA processing will generate dysfunctional or truncated proteins. If the intron introduces a stop codon in the middle of the sequence a truncated protein will be produced. If the intron does not introduce a stop codon the end result is still going to be a protein with many unnecessary amino acids that will most likely interfere with folding and stop it from becoming functional.

From the Web site of safe-food.org, genetic engineering is "a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms." Put another way, genetic engineering is "the alteration of genetic code using artificial means" (from www.globalchange.com). Genetic engineering is also called bio-engineering, gene-splicing, gene manipulation, etc. and the organisms that result from the practice are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

One drawback for genetic engineering is the fact that scientist don't know the long term consequences. Another disadvantage is the fact that some scientists could use the technology to create incurable diseases.

a somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete plant

Isolated populations can lose genetic diversity through genetic drift. This is because some alleles can be lost by chance. Many more homozygous individuals are likely.