Helicopters

A captive helicopter is a helicopter which is tethered to the ground with a rope, as with a captive balloon. Captive helicopters can be used for the same purposes as captive balloons. They are easier to steer than a regular helicopter.

A helicopter should be a be able to hover as long as it has fuel to.

And the current atmospheric conditions and pilot fatigue levels permit.

Kerosene isn't. However, jet fuel, kerosene, and diesel fuel all are very similar. They're less refined than unleaded fuel, and that reduces the risk of on-board fires, for one. Additionally, they burn at a higher BTU rate than unleaded/petrol fuels.

No. The forward motion creates the lift that keeps it in the air. Even when all engines are shut down, momentum keeps a plane moving forward. As the momentum decreases, the plane begins to descend; forward motion eventually changes to downward motion. Even a passenger jet that explodes or has been hit by a missile keeps moving, that is the pieces keep moving. I will only stop moving when it, or the pieces hit the ground (or is purposely parked at an appropriate place).

Helicopters use aviation turbine fuel most commonly known as "Jet A". This fuel resembles kerosene, on which other aircraft run.

Russian born, US aeronautical engineer, Igor Sikorsky (1889-1972), designed and flew the first four engined aircraft in 1913 and designed the first successful helicopter in 1939. As to why, I can only guess that he saw a need and fulfilled it, or somebody asked him, or he picked up on one of Leonardo Da Vinci's ideas.

In 1907 Paul Cornu was experimenting with a vertical lift rotor blade system and performed the first VTOL (vertical take off and landing) flight, thus inventing the first helicopter.

The helicopter was initially an idea by Leonardo Da Vinci. he developed an ornithocopter which set the basis for the structure of the modern Helicopter

Classifying : kinds: anti-torque rotary systems: * Tails: A) Conventional B) Fenestron C) Notar D)Tip jet * Dual Rotors: A) Tandem B) Coaxial C) Intermeshing D) Transverse 2.-models by companies: A) Sirkosky: 19 approx B) Bell: 16 approx C) Robinson: 4 approx D) Boeing: 6 approx. C) others: ???? total models mentioned so far: 35 approx 3.- total number of helicopters currently in use by companies: Sirkorsky:??? Bell:??? Boeing:??? Robinson:??? Others??? so far???

Ivan sikorski

Some of the UH-1s (Hueys) were later fitted with rockets and guns to fly escort for UH-1 troop carriers. In the 'gunship' role, the UH1 couldn't carry troops because of the weight. It was the first to be called a 'gunship' specifically, but that was simply to differentiate it from the standard utility UH-1s...despite that even they had a pintle mounted gun on each side. Despite what Hollywood might have us believe, the UH1 'gunship', like the ACH-47, wasn't effective enough in the attack role to be deployed in significant numbers, especially since UH-1s were in such high demand as transport aircraft.

The AH-1 Cobra was a purpose-built attack variant of the UH-1 that used the same powertrain as the UH-1, so it's a good example to see what makes an attack helicopter. The Cobra's flight crew sit fore and aft (like the Sioux above) to reduce the cross section presented to the enemy. It was built specifically as an attack helicopter at the expense of the utility role: it couldn't carry any logistical loads while armed, either internally or on a hook. The Cobra was indeed the first true 'gunship' and still serves in that role, mostly for allies of the US. It continues to be modernized and updated for the Marines as projected mission requirements change, including characteristics that we now see as essential to a modern 'gunship': twin engines, night operation, interoperability with ground forces, stand-off targeting, etc.

The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu in 1907, however, this design was not successful. Another Frenchman, EtienneOehmichen built and flew a helicopter 1 kilometer in 1924. Russian born Igor Sikorsky began work on helicopters as early as 1910. By 1940, Igor Sikorsky's successful VS-300 had become the model for all modern single-rotor helicopters. He also designed and built the first military helicopter, XR-4. Captivated by the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci and the stories of Jules Verne, Igor Sikorsky built a rubber-band powered model helicopter when he was 12. The VS-300 was first flown (tethered) on September 14, 1939 and the first untethered flight was on May 13, 1940. Testing continued and on May 6, 1941. Sikorsky piloted the VS-300 to a new world helicopter endurance record of 1 hour,32 minutes and 26 seconds. Link to Website of SIkorsky Helicopter company's history page. http://www.sikorsky.com/details/0,3036,CLI1_DIV69_ETI683,00.html Link to Igor Sikorsky's Historical archives. Maybe it will list WHO was first to fly his helicopter. http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/index.html Bell Aerospace became involved in helicopter design immediately after the United States entered the Second World War. Impressed by aremote-controlled flying model built by Arthur Young, Larry Bell set aside a facility in Gardenville, NYfor development of the model into a full-size helicopter. After two years of tests and trials as a private venture of its ownwithout any government support, the Model 30was ready for tethered flights. It made its first flight on 26 June 1943. Who was the pilot? One of the pilots who worked at Gardenville and flew some test flights(not sure if it was the first) was Bart Kelley. Bartram Kelley continued to work at the new facility in Hurst, TX, known as Bell Helicopter and rose to Vice President. He retired in 1974. Arthur Young changed his career and went into studies of philosophy. Another of the pilots was Floyd Carlson. Floyd continued with the new Bell Helicopter company as a test pilot. I believe he was the test pilot who broke his back in the crash of one of the earlier tilt rotor aircraft, but retained a position at Bell Helicopter. A second model was built with an enclosed cockpit and this eventually evolved into the Bell Model 47---the first helicopter to be FAA-approved for commericial sale. Link with photo of early Model 30 helicopter. http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Bell-Model30/model-30.php Link to journal of Bart Kelley http://cellmath.med.utoronto.ca/B47/history/Bart/DayBooks.html More notes by Bart Kelley with photo of those who worked at Gardenville on the Model 30. http://cellmath.med.utoronto.ca/B47/history/Bart/FwllGdvll.html In 1936, Professor Heinrich Focke and another German named Achgelis joined forces to conduct helicopter research. The result was the production of the FW-61, based on the fuselage of a small biplane trainer with two outriggerssupporting the 2 contra-rotating rotors. The cut-down propellor mounted on the front of the radial engine was used only for cooling. The first prototype, the V 1 D-EBVU, had its first free flight on 26 June 1936 with Ewald Rohlfs at the controls. But the most famous flight was by a woman test pilot named Hannah Reitschwho flew it in an enclosed stadium, the first person to fly an aircraft inside a building.In February 1938 it was demonstrated by Hanna Reitsch indoors at the Deutschlandhalle sports stadium in Berlin. She later became a personal pilot for Hitler and flewa light 2-man aircraft, the Fiesler Storch, and landed nextto his Berlin bunker only hours before the fall of Berlin and Hitler killed himself. Link to website about Hannah Reitsch http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/reitsch.html

Technical terms are difficult to find a definition. But I worked 11 years at Bell Helicopter. The Swashplate refers to point on the controls that lead up to the rotor blades where the non-rotating controls are converted to the Rotating Controls. Rotating Controls are the two rods(for a 2-bladed Bell helicopter) that are attached to the base of the Rotor blades and come down, parallel to the Rotor Mast. These two control rods are moving around the mast with the blades. At the bottom of these rods, they are attached to a rotating disc. This disc is mounted on a gimbled platform that usually has 3 non-rotating controls that come UP from inside the fuselage. There are 3 because one control causes the swashplate to tilt left and one causes it to tilt forward and one fixes the 3rd leg of the triangle. Basically, as the pilotcontrol inputs cause the Swashplate to tilt, the path of the Main Rotor blades (or the tip path plane) will follow the tilt of the swashplate but delayed by 90 degrees. A Technical explanation on helicopter controls http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/chris_berardi/Helisetup.htm More info http://avia.russian.ee/theory/control.html http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/helicopters/q0084.shtml http://www.thaitechnics.com/helicopter/heli_intro.html Photos of actual parts for a 1-seat helo. http://www.vortechonline.com/awparts/ R/C Modelparts are not different from full-size helos.
http://www2.towerhobbies.com/cgi-bin/wti0093p?&C=EEK http://prism2.mem.drexel.edu/~todd/heli_components.html Great illustration of R/C Model Swashplate http://www.whirledair.com/parts.html Illustration shows the top piece that rotates with 2 control rod attachments and the bottom half that is fixed with 3 attachments. http://www.brentfordrc.co.uk/scripts/prodView.asp?idProduct=961

The U.S. Marine Corps and the Navy are currently operating some helicopters that go as far back as the Vietnam war. The do however go to be reworked. The CH-46 came out in 1964, it has been upgraded several times throughout it's life time. I believe the CH-46 are some of the oldest airframes still operating in the U.S. military. The CH-53 came out in 74' but new airframes were continued until as late as 1997. From there I'm not sure. The Marine Corp also operates some Specialty VH-3D's for Presidential Flight Duty whose airframes saw duty 35 years ago.

Hope this gives a little insight. These aircraft are kept in service a long time, but the maintenance is outstanding keeping them in tip top shape for years and years.

The simplest reason is weight. Bombs are heavy and weight and balance is more critical on a helicopter than fixed wing aircraft.

Mi 24 Hind ..is capable of delivering bombs, and they were delivering them during the Russian - Afghan war. Either 4x 500lbs or 2x1000lbs bombs were used as a payload, and Fuel-air version of the 1000lbs bomb. the trouble with helicopter bombing is that the helicopter needs to fly high above the target, and it is slow. Thus, the helicopter exposes itself to any AAA that is present in the area. Because of it, helicopter bombing is practical only in situations where enemy Air defense is totally absent.

paul cornu used sticks a 24 power engine and other proucts

It depends on the Helicopter. Small ones like the homebuilt mosquito can only lift a few hundred pounds, but large commercial ships like the Russian Mi26 can lift 80,000 pounds (wich is the same as a fully loaded semi-truck)

Yes. Grandcanyon.com has a list of available helicopter tours on their website, linked below.

No single person invented it. Like many things it evolved through the experimentation and adaptation of many brilliant men and women. The key issue here is considering a machine that could make sustained and controllable flights. There have been machines of various sizes and shapes that might have been able to lift into the sky, but designing one that could stay there for any length of time, or that could be controlled in all axes is the yardstick to be used to measure accomplishment. Igor Sikorsky is credited as building the first practical helicopter in the US (and the world's first mass-produced helicopter, the R-4, since the German machines built during WWII really weren't mass-produced), however the Germans had a flyable one several years before Sikorsky did (look up Prof. Focke and the Fw-61). And going back even further Juan Cierva of Spain can be credited with what is probably the most important invention in helicopter design when he developed an articulated rotor system for his autogyro (gyroplane).

Answer

I saw the movie once in the theater and 2 times at home. I don't recall any unusual helicopters. And there were helicopters in 2 or 3 scenes.

One scene, they board a helicopter at an airport. The helicopter is an ole Bell and I think it was a twin-engine UH-1N or Model 212. In the background was a smaller helicopter but not sure if it was a US-made Bell or maybe an European helicopter. Surprisingly, the movies continue to use the retired Bell helicopters in many of the "modern" combat scenes.

They were attacked by an enemy(Afghanistan?) helo at the beginning of the movie but I don't remember what it was. Usually, the movies use some European helo to represent an enemy a/c. Later in the movie, he shoots a small helo that could be a Messerchmidt-Bolkow MB-108.

Interesting observation that I noted when reviewing the on-line movie features: Mark Wahlberg is left-handed and fired some weapons left-handed but in the movie(as with most Army training requires) he shoots right-handed.

Custermen

I flew one of the helicopters in that film. For the Philadelphia scenes there were four helicopters. The police helicopter was a Bell 206 Longranger IV, the news helicopter was a Eurocopter AS 350B, The FBI helicopter was a Twinstar, and the camera helicopter filming was also a ASD350B.

Hope this helps

I only caught the end of the movie just now. I was curious about the blue helicopter, at the end of the movie, that landed on the snow. I think both helicopters were Eurocopters. The blue one looked like a EC120 or EC130 and the red one looked like a AS350. ~sw

It is not possible to say exactly where Leonardo was when making this or any other sketch. The thing is: All his inventions were made in his sketchbooks, not in any sort of mechanical workshop.