Helicopters

Stopping Medrano at the end of the QOS game on PS2 is tough and near impossible in 007 difficulty, where I discovered a secret no one's yet published. Normally you face 9 mercs, 3 on each of 3 ramps up to Medrano's chopper. But if you get past the first 3 without killing them, no more mercs appear! While it's super tricky, it's infinitely easier than taking out 9 guys with no time to take cover (in a game where cover is key).

Here's how it's done. First, press the 'roll' button ASAPto roll all the way up the ramp. (Note that Bond is auto-crouched at the beginning. Don't bother standing. Every millisecond counts). The first 2 mercs shoot you to pieces, but don't shoot back. Instead press roll over and over. Stay mostly to the left and you can make it past them (since more bullets miss you rolling vs. running).

The 3rd merc rolls out ahead at the bend into the 2nd ramp and will rifle whip you dead unless you roll to the right of him. This leaves you with a bad angle to make the left-hand turn onto the 2nd ramp. This is the one brief moment when you run, not roll, to make that turn. If you run wide enough of him, merc #3 may miss you.

Here you'll be amazed to see no extra mercs ahead. Quickly resume rolling up the ramp since the 3 behind will still be firing. If you slightly zig-zag your rolls, you can avoid enough lead to reach the 3rd ramp for a free and clear run to the chopper. I achieved this an average of 1 out of 4 times trying vs. the 1 in 15 against 9 mercs.

When you reach the chopper, aim at Medrano's legs. I used the shotgun since it has the widest reticule to light him up with. In 007, 3 blasts in the red take him down. But if you prefer a machinegun, zoom in on his thigh, keep your sights slightly ahead of him, and keep the trigger down. He'll run right into the fire. Good luck, Bond.

The top speed of an air ambulance depends on the type of aircraft being used. Helicopters are typically used for medical evacuations (MedEvac) from an accident scene and also as transport between hospitals in urban areas. Airplanes can be used to transport patients to hospitals by way of local airports. This article will briefly discuss different air speeds for aircraft commonly used for air ambulance services. Air speeds are commonly referenced in knots (kt), but conversions to miles per hour (mph) and kilometers per hour (km/h) are also provided.

Helicopters are most commonly associated with air ambulance service. From the Bell 47 models used by the military during the Korean War and popularized in the movie and later TV series "MASH" to the HH-65C Dolphin used by the U.S. Coast Guard, there are a wide range in helicopter types used. The Bell 47G has a piston engine capable of propelling it at a maximum of 91 kt of 105 mph (169 km/h). The HH-65C has twin turbine engines that can produce a maximum speed of 160 knots (kt) or 184 mph (294 km/h). The vast majority of all air ambulances today are turbine powered like the HH-65C. Another popular turbine air ambulance model is the MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 with a top speed of 141 kt or 163 mph (262 km/hr).

when they crash in the water they certainly can - of cousre there is the mythical flying sub from "voyage to the bottom of the sea" - it is possible to make a winged craft or lifting body that would "fly" underwater but its ineffecient since underwater craft dont need to fly as it is more effecient to make them bouyant - wings are used in subs in the form of control surfaces

if one were to design a "flying sub" then the design from "voyage" is probably the most practical using a lifting body design - wings would be too fragile due to the heavy weight of water creating huge forces on the wings

Professor Raspett and his young son wrote a technical paper called "Bathtube Aerodynamics". It was actually his son's idea and his father assisted. The son wanted to take a model airplane and try to fly it in the water. The typical model he used was the scale plastic models----or as you would call them---plastic kits. It actually works. Why? The equations for fluid flow is the same for AIR as it is for WATER. Only the Reynolds Number changes.

First you have to trim the model for proper CG. Plastic kits are built to scale but the model is not have correct Center of Gravity. Some models had to be altered. Some holes have to be plugged. For example: a model of a jet may have a large opening for the engine inlet which may require plugging to prevent disruption of the flow. The wings and tails have to be perfectlly aligned so they will produce lift. If it had a propellor, then it had to be removed to reduce drag. The model can then be launched under water and it will glide just like it was in AIR. Since the Reynolds Number for water is higher, the model will "fly" slower in water---but it will still fly.

He also tested different models using rubber-band powered propellors. And they could glue some chemical(forgot what you call it) to the model and as it went through the water it would leave a blue contrail left from the chemical exposure to water. This could be used to study the votex and airflow.

Really cool. Possibly a great idea for a high school science project.

Link to a list of technical papers by Professor Raspet that includes "Bathtube Aerodynamics"

http://w3.gwis.com/~mks/book.htm

Other Related Links

http://www.ae.msstate.edu/rfrl/pages/capabilities.html

http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=406&gTable=Paper&gID=45046

Photo XV-11 Marvel designed by Dr. Raspet and MSU.

http:/www.aerofiles.comMSU-xv11a.jpg

MORE ABOUT "BATHTUB" AERODYNAMICS

some fish actually fly like airplanes - fish like sharks have no swim bladder to keep them bouyant so have to stay in motion, or fly, to keep from sinking - many like the shark have bodies that are lifting bodies and their fins can act like wings to give extra lift - think of the manta ray as the ultimate marine aircraft.

Also Penguins and even ducks can "fly" underwater. Of course they have the advantage of flapping wings instead of fixed wings.