History of the Middle East

The Answer you are looking for is "the United Nations Partition Plan for the Mandate of Palestine".

However, there are two minor errors in the phrasing of this question. The first is semantic: the UN Partition Plan came out of UNGA Resolution 181 which was passed on November 29, 1947, not 1948. Israel declare independence according to the provisions of UNGA Resolution 181 on May 14, 1948, but that was not when the "division" occurred.

The second error is that Palestine was not actively divided. The UN took a map and made a prescriptive judgment about where a Jewish State should be and where an Arab State should be. It would have been binding had both sides agreed, but the Arabs were not interested in allowing for any Jewish State and therefore prevented an agreement from being realized. Therefore, Palestine was not actually divided physically, just potentially. Israel used this window of permissibility to declare statehood in 1948 and Palestine used this to declare statehood in 1988.

Arabia, or the Arabic world, are the countries in the world that are inhebited by Arabic speaking population. It includes parts of Asia and Africa. Most of the middle east is a part of the Arabic world (The eastern part). However, there are a couple of countries in the Middle East that are NOT a part of the Arabic world, such as Afghanistan and Pakistan...

In 1947, two Security Council members, the United States and the Soviet Union, reached agreement that Palestine was to be divided. In November, a UN Special Committee on Palestine presented a report to the General Assembly, with a majority advocating division, but a minority advocating a unitary state based on democracy. A two-thirds majority vote was necessary for partition to be supported by the United Nations. After intense pressure by USA and USSR, this two-thirds majority was achieved.

Generally, this area is called the Middle East. However, the eastern coast of the Mediterranean in Southwest Asia is called the Levant.

At this point in time, the overwhelming majority of the population of Jews in the Middle East are located in Israel, with a very small population remaining in Iran and Turkey. Originally, Jews could be found all throughout the Middle East and there were large Jewish communities in Baghdad, Teheran, Istanbul, Beirut, Damascus, Cairo, and Alexandria. However, it has been made untenable for Jews to remain in many Middle Eastern Muslim countries.

Hosni Mubarak

The body of water that is surrounded by Middle East Africa and some of the European countries would be the Indian Ocean. It does not take up as much space as the other bodies of water, but is present within these areas itself.

There is no limit on the amount of terms that an Israeli Prime Minister can serve provided his party keeps winning elections and he does not die. Elections must be held within four years of the previous election, but at the convenience of the Prime Minister.

The problem with this question is that it assumes monolithic opinions on both sides. This is not the case. As a result, there are numerous views and perceptions that color all sides.

Typically, Israeli goals are seen to hold to the maintenance of a Jewish State where Jews control the policy and general direction of the country. Secondly, Israel wants to protect the Jewish rights to access and maintenance of Jewish Holy Sites in all areas of the former British Mandate of Palestine. Finally, Israel wants to have secure and peaceful borders.

Typically, Arab goals are seen to hold to the creation of an independent Arab State where Palestinians control the general policy and direction of the country. Arabs also wish, if not for the removal of Israel, for Palestinian refugees to have the Right to Return to Israel. Arabs want unrestricted access to Muslim Holy Sites in all areas of the former British Mandate of Palestine. Finally, the Arabs want East Jerusalem to be the capital of an independent Palestinian State.

The first Arab country to recognize Israel as a state.

Under King Hussein of Jordan, a treaty was signed with Israel, which begins trade and diplomatic ties. Therefore, making Jordan the second state to recognize Israel, following the first, which was Egypt.

Yes, Babylon was part of Ancient Mesopatamia by the land of Canaan.

November 2, 1917. So there's your answer, I hope you like it. Check on blafourproject for more information about it. They also have books about it. So check it out.

Desert

Israel vs. Egypt, Jordan, and Syria

The Six-Day War was initially started on the 5th of June 1967 as an Israeli Preemptive Strike against Egypt. On the 7th of June, Jordan and Syria retaliated against Israel for the attack.

Palestine sits in the confusing ambiguous space between being a country and being a non-country. It has partial provisional sovereignty and incomplete recognition. Its lands are designated as Israeli-Occupied Territory, but not part of Israel proper. See more below.

There was never a historic country of Palestine, and prior to the creation of the British Mandate of Palestine in 1922 (with the current known borders), the southwestern Levant was politically arranged quite differently. Prior to 1988, there was international consensus in most major organizations (such as the United Nations, European Union, NATO, etc.) that Palestine was not a country since Israel was the only legitimate post-Palestinian State and that the Gaza Strip and West Bank were territories that should be devolved to Egypt and Jordan respectively. The only organizations that dissented from this view were the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Conference, which have a vested interest in not recognizing Israel.

In 1988, Yasser Arafat declared the Palestinian State in exile. In 1993, the Oslo Accords secured international recognition (including Israel) of the Palestinian Authority as a political entity in charge of securing a future for the Palestinian people. There was a partial devolution of territory and security to several Palestinian areas. In 2005, the withdrawal of Israeli settlements and soldiers from Gaza resulted in the first fully independent Palestinian State in the Gaza Strip. However, Hamas led an insurrection leading to their illegitimate takeover of the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian Authority still rules a number of bantustans in the West Bank and exercises limited sovereignty over even those regions. Recently, Palestine gained recognition in the United Nations and had its declaration of independence vindicated by the International Court of Justice.

There are quite a few, but the biggest one is that the Middle East began throwing off European control after WW2, and seeking full independence from the colonizers. Also, many of them began allying/sympathizing with the USSR against the West and adopting socialist practices, which had enormous impact on the economy of the region.

Israel has never actually declared war on Palestine. If you are referring to a specific war between Israel and Hamas or the general causes of the Israeli Occupation of the West Bank or the Gaza Strip, please ask that question.

If this is a general question on the causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, please see the Related Question below.

Arabs usually traded precious stones, spices, and special substances from trees. They traded these in Africa and Europe. In return, they received ivory, iron, and animal products. I think the Arabs also traded silk.

The Modern State of Israel has not been conquered by the Arabs.

If the term "Israel" is being used to refer to land in general, Caliph 'Omar conquered Israel in 634 C.E. from the Byzantine Empire which held it at that period of time.

The 'Holy Land', comprising sites mentioned in the Bible and the routes traveled

by several Biblical characters, covers territory that is now in Iraq, Jordan, Syria,

Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, and Egypt, as well as territory that will eventually be

part of a Palestinian state.

Arabs call the Middle East "Ash-Sharq Al-Awsat" (الشرق الأوسط) "Ash-Sharq" means "the East" and "Al-Awsat" means "central or middle" so, it literally means the Middle East.

However, Arabs have specific names for general regions of the Middle East and North Africa. For example, the countries of Northwest Africa (such as Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) are called the "Maghreb" (مغرب) which means "the place in the West". As a sidenote, Maghreb is also the Arabic country-name for Morocco (like Deutschland is the German country-name for Germany). Additional such regional names include "Bilaad Ash-Sham" (بلاد الشام) which constitutes Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, "Bilaad As-Sudan" (بلاد السودان ) which constitutes the Black-countries of Saharan Africa, "Jazirat Al-Arabiya" (جزيرة العربية) which constitutes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oman, and "Al-Khalij" (الخليج) which constitutes the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait.

In early 1948, Mandatory Palestine was under British authority. Sir Alan Cunningham was the last British High Commissioner of Palestine and Transjordan until May of 1948 when that position was abolished. Throughout the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-9, the territory of the former Mandate of Palestine was either under Israeli control or under the control of armies from other Arab nations.

If the question is asking if the Palestinian Arabs had a leader, the issue is more complicated. Unlike the Zionists, the Palestinian Arabs were much less unified and organized. There were three main leaders that held sway: Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Haj Amin al-Husseini, and Fawzi al-Qawuqji. Of them, al-Hussayni probably had the most legitimacy, but he died in late 1948 and had limited political connections. Qawuqji was the least legitimate, being ethnically Syrian, and because of how soundly he was defeated in 1948, he had no traction. Al-Husseini came the closest to creating a Palestinian state, but he also had no mind for creating a political establishment. There was also very little Palestinian civil society for him to reach out to in order to create a state.