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Holocaust
The genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews during World War II planned by Adolf Hitler.
11,094 Questions
Poland's Jewish population has been estimated at 3.3-3.5 million in 1939, of whom only 380,000 remained at the end of the war. Some fled eastward in 1939, only to lose their lives following the 1941 nazi invasion of the USSR. Total Jewish deaths are variously estimated at 2.9-3.0 million, or around 88% of the prewar population.
Why were the Jews branded and numbered?
The five-digit Hollerith number assigned to inmates at the Auschwitz death camp was part of a punch card system by IBM to track the Nazis' prisoners.
In August 1943, a timber merchant from Bendzin, Poland, arrived at Auschwitz. He was among a group of 400 inmates, mostly Jews. First, a doctor examined him briefly to determine his fitness for work. His physical information was noted on a medical record. Second, his full prisoner registration was completed with all personal details. Third, his name was checked against the indices of the Political Section to see if he would be subjected to special punishment. Finally, he was registered in the Labor Assignment Office and assigned a characteristic five-digit IBM Hollerith number, 44673.
Tattoos, however, quickly evolved at Auschwitz. Soon, they bore no further relation to Hollerith compatibility for one reason: the Hollerith number was designed to track a working inmate-not a dead one.
Dr. Josef Mengele, who performed cruel experiments, tattooed his own distinct number series on "patients.
-spero news-
The number system that was tattooed to the prisoners wasn't meant to track them at all. It was just another means of keeping track of them at role call. Meaning if the number wasn't there, they knew he or she was gone and missing.
Describe Nazi attitude toward Jews?
Taking this question seriously- Look at the death / concentration camps they set up for your answer, many millions of answers
The attitudes in history from Nazi, Germany to the Jews were as follows: Scapegoating, Torture and other brutal treatments due to a fear of enemies, Smear campaigns to exploit the ignorance and fear through a controlled mass media, Genocidal plans. Many of these took place as acts of Aggression, personal bias, and Lies.
Who were the aggressors in the Holocaust?
Perpetrators were those who did the killing. The legal deffinition is a bit larger, including those who ordered the actions also. The moral deffinition larger still, it includes those who enabled others to kill.
One example is; you have the person who poured the gas into the gas chambers, also the people who ordered him to, from his direct superior, to the camp commander, to the leader of the SS (Himmler), to the leader of the state (Hitler), also those who enabled him to do this, from the guards who put the prisoners into the chambers, to the doctors who obeserved the process.
In addition to this there were many people without whom the actual act of murder could not have happened:
There was the local law enforcment who were responsible for arresting and deporting the Jews. There were the civillians who drove the trains and other transports. There were the contractors who designed and built the gas chambers. There were the people who profited from the surrendered Jewish property and businesses. If any of these groups had refused to do their part, then the story would have been different.
The perpetrators were those who helped make it happen.
People of this period are generally divided into three categories. Victims, perpetrators and bystanders. Some like to add a fourth category of rescuers, they were so few compared to the others that they are generally not counted as a category.
Why did Poland build the most concentration camps?
In 1939 Poland had the largest Jewish population in Europe (about 3.3 million Jews). It also had a good rail network, so it made sense from the Nazis' point of view to have the main killing centres close to the majority of their victims. In addition, Jews from other parts of Europe were transported to Poland by the Nazis for extermination. Moreover most Germans had very little idea what was going on in Poland.
What are the conspiracy theories behind why Hitler hated Jews?
He needed a group of people to blame for Germany's problems such as the economy and the Jews were the most successful people living in Germany so he picked them to blame for all of their troubles
Facts about dachau concentration camp?
1) it was a concentration camp, not death camp.
2) of appx 144,000 prisoners, 33,000 died of starvation or disease there and 88,000 were shipped to death camps, primarily Auschwitz.
3) there were only 19,000 prisoners alive when the camp was liberated.
4) it was liberated may 8, 1945 by Soviet troops.
5) In February 1945, Heinrich Himmler (SS chief) allowed a transport of 1,210 mostly Dutch Jews to Switzerland. For this, 1.25million was put into Swiss banks by Jewish organizations.
What Types of Labor in the Concentration Camps of the Holocaust?
It wan't only back breaking physical labor. Prisoners not only crushed rocks, they worken in munitions production, construction, mining, and were even involved in the production of the V-2 Rockets.
When did the US help liberate concentration camps?
Five concentration camps were liberated by US troops, on 11 April 1945 Dora Mittlebau and Buchenwald were reached. On 23 April Flossenburg was liberated, Dachau on the 29th and finally Mauthausen on 4 May.
Slaughtered SS members
Fierce resistance
When was the first day of the Holocaust?
That's hard to answer. There was no real date that it began, but many point to the night of November 9, 1938 as the beginning. This night was called the Kristallnacht, or night of broken glass. On this night, thousands of Jewish businesses and Synagogues were destroyed by the Nazis, and more than 200,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
Why were concentration camps formed?
Concentration camps were created to exterminate all "non normal" people.(not germans.) they had this ides that all blonde hair blue eyed people were superior over all the races. If u werent like this, you were killed. Concentration camps were created to exterminate all "non normal" people.(not germans.) they had this ides that all blonde hair blue eyed people were superior over all the races. If u werent like this, you were killed.
What other types of people were killed in the Holocaust besides the Jewish people?
Gypsies, mentally and physically handicapped children, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and anyone else who denounced Hitler and this Nazi's. - Also Communists, Social Democrats and Soviet prisoners of war.
What are some Holocaust words that start u?
· Umschlagplatz - Place in the Warsaw ghetto where Jews were gathered to be deported in crowded freight trains to the Tremblinka extermination camp.
What were prisoners fed In Auschwitz?
Yes, they but were fed but very poorly to say the least.
The allowed caloric intake per prisoner was 600 calories per day or possibly less.
Not to mention "guards" would often play favorites and some would not eat for days.
It was just enough to keep the strong alive to work and that was not even considered important. Meals were served from large soup-pots that were mostly water. There is a reason you see Holocaust pictures of skeleton looking prisoners, but yes, they were technically "fed."
In comparison, most Americans eat well above 2000 calories per day and 2000 is considered basic.
The effects of Zyklon B on humans?
It suffocated them relatively slowly. It was horrible. But isn't cold-blooded murder always horrible?
Note: Zyklon B has this effect on all people, not "just Jews".
________
Zyklon B was the trade name under which hydrocyanic acid was sold to the SS. It is a poison (cyanide): it does not 'suffocate' people.
What were the Nazi extermination camps?
Nazi extermination camps (sometimes also called death camps) were facilities that the Nazis used to kill the Jews and Roma (gypsies). Unlike other concentration camps, the sole purpose of these camps was to kill.
They were the Final Solution. After removing citizenship and property, extracting the last energy or value they could provide, the raw material no longer had any value to the Nazi state, was too costly to maintain and required disposition.
The extermination camps were:
- Auschwitz II (part of the Birkenau section)
- Belzec
- Chelmno
- Majdanek (which was used as a back-up killing centre, when the others could not cope with the numbers)
- Sobibor
- Treblinka II
The above were all in Poland. Auschwitz I, III and the satellite camps were very harsh forced labour camps that had a very high death rate. Majdanek was also partly a very harsh forced labour camp, too.
Factoid. There are only two (yes, two!) known survivors from Belzec. 434,508 Jews and an unknown number of Romani/Sinti were killed there.
In addition, Maly Trostenets in Belarus is often counted as an extermination camp.
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The term 'death camp' is misleading as the death toll at all the different kinds of Nazi camps was high. There were extermination camps: they existed solely for the purpose of killing and for nothing else. There were also exceptionally harsh concentration camps, where the prisoners were systematically worked to death on grossly insufficient food.
There were two camps - the Auschwitz group and Majdanek - that served both functions, but that was unusual.
The first extermination camp was at Chelmno. It began large-scale routine (as opposed to experimental) gassings on 8 December 1941, using sealed vans with the carbon monoxide exhaust diverted into the vans. The total death toll at Chelmno is estimated at about 152,000-153,000 and there are only two (!) known survivors.
Concentration camps, originally established for political prrisoners, had been established already in March 1933. Dachau, near Munich, was the first concentration camp. It had a high death toll but it was not an extermination camp.
The six exterminations camps of the Holocaust were all in Europe. They were:
- Auschwitz-Birkenau (part)
- Chelmno
- Belzec
- Sobibor
- Majdanek (part)
- Treblinka
The above list has a quasi-canonical status. There were at least two smaller extermination camps in Belarus, and there is debate about the precise role of Majdanek.
Did Hitler send gay Germans to concentration camps?
The Nazis absolutely hated gays. Many of those who could not be convicted by due process of law (for example, people who were rumoured to be gay) were sent to concentration camps and many were killed.
The Nazis wished to exterminate everyone who didn't fit into their idea of what the 'Aryan master Race' should comprise of, hence their killing of; Jews, homosexuals, Poles, Russians, Gypsies, the disabled...
What was anti-semitism like before 1933?
Anti-Semitism had been widespread in much of Europe and in the New World, too, for a very long time indeed. However, one needs to bear in mind that there's a great difference between being anti-Jewish and trying to exterminate whole Jewish populations. In the last few decades of the 19th century (from about 1870 onwards) it became racial, whereas previously it had been directed against the members of the Jewish religion. Also, in the period between about 1880 and 1910 it became an "-ism", a political ideology. Using all kinds of conspiracy theories, it claimed to have a cure for mankind's political and social ills. In this respect it was unlike earlier "religious" hostility towards the Jews. Anti-Semitism increased in the period from about 1880-1914. It was particularly strong in France (Dreyfus Affair and related matters), in some parts of Austria-Hungary (Vienna, for example) and above all, in Tsarist Russia, where the secret police actively encouraged violence against Jews (pogroms). Large numbers of Russian Jews fled westwards, to the U.S., to Britain and to France, too (despite the problems there). From 1918 onwards much of the world was gripped by fears of "Bolshevism". There was a widespread perception that Jews were subversives and Communists. (This was based in part on the rather high proportion of people of Jewish origin in the very early leadership of the Soviet Union. In view of the appalling treatment of the Jews under the Tzars, there was nothing surprising about this). In Europe one reaction to Bolshevism was the rise of Fascism, but in many countries this wasn't specifically anti-Semitic. Many anti-Communist refugees from Russia in the early 1920s were rabidly anti-Semitic and spread their ideology in Western and Central Europe - and to some extent in the New World. In the 1920s anti-Semitism in Europe was particularly strong in Poland, Romania, France and along the Danube (in Austria, for example, and also Hungary). One popular theory is that anti-Semitism tended to appeal in particular to people and organizations that were having really serious problems adapting to the modern world. Until 1933 Germany was regarded as a country where anti-Semitism was not particularly strong, and Jews elsewhere thought in the period c. 1900-1932 that Germany was a good place to live. After all, Germany had a good reputation as a civilized country, and civilized countries don't practice legally enforced racism or persecute minorities - or so it was thought. The German Jews were caught by surprise by what happened when the Nazis came to power. There's evidence that the German population, at least in the early years of Nazi rule, wasn't particularly anti-Semitic. For example, the boycott of Jewish businesses, ordered by the Nazis for 1st April 1933 was largely a flop.
Why did the franks went into hiding where did they go?
Anne Frank went into hiding because Margot Frank, her older sister, had gotten a letter that required her to immediately go to a concentration camp. Frightened, the whole family moved into hiding in Amsterdam to prevent Margot from being sent to a work camp.
Anne Frank went into hiding because the government of that time, the Nazi's, had made an order to send all the Jewish people of the country to concentration camps. The Franks went into hiding because they were Jewish, their only other choices were to go the camps where they would die. In fact, they were found and sent to camps. Anne died a month before the war ended
to be safe
What was the cause of the polish airplane crash that killed the president of Poland and many others?
it was foggy and they had to pick 1/2 airports to land in when they werwe landing in russia. They picked the closest one to the place they were going to. the one they picked was old and crappy. When they were landing everything was going fine. As they got lower to the ground it got foggier. then the plain bumped into some trees and the wing got scraped and damaged on the ground. Then they all died. :( -Polish News-
When was Dachau concentration camp established?
Established in March 1933, the Dachau concentration camp was the first permanent concentration camp established by the National Socialist (Nazi) government. Heinrich Himmler, in his capacity as police chief of Munich, officially described the camp as the first concentration camp for political prisoners. It opened amid much publicity as it was intended as a deterrent to opponents of the regime.
The camp was housed in a disused munitions factory.
The first prisoners arrived at Dachau on 22 March 1933 and this is regarded as the opening date. Himmler gave a press conference about it at the time, and its existence was never a secret.
Initially Dachau was run by the SA, not specifically by the SS. Later, Dachau became the model for all ordinary Nazi concentration camps.
Why did Hitler take the Jews to Poland?
Hitler did not take Jews to the ghettos, he took them out of the ghettos and put them into concentration camps to be degraded, abused, tortured, and killed. It was a very ugly chapter of human history, none uglier. Hitler had chosen a strategy of ethnic selfishness. He wanted his own group, which he called the Aryan supermen (Ubermensch in German) to own everything and to enslave or kill the members of other ethnic groups. Jews were a convenient group to victimize because Europe already had a thousand year history of anti-Semitism, and Jews were widely hated for the crime of not being Christians. Hitler blamed Jews for all of Germany's problems, and many Germans were only too happy to agree with him.
Who was doctor of death in World War 2?
Australian doctors during World War II had the same responsibilities as doctors from other countries. They had to treat the wounded and treat illnesses caused by the poor conditions soldiers had to endure.
How did the Jews lose their jobs?
The Jews lost their homeland in the aftermath of the failed Bar Kochba Revolt. The Romans forcibly exiled them en masse from the territory and moved other Roman citizens in to replace them.
Answer:The only time that the Jews lost their homeland completely was during the decades following the First Destruction, which was several centuries BCE. The Talmud (Yoma 54a) states that for 52 years not a single Jew resided in the Land. The land was lost to the Jews during that time because they were forcibly ejected by the Babylonians.Since the building of the Second Temple, however, there has been a continuous Jewish presence in the Holy Land (albeit often a minority), even in the times of the worst persecutions (such as the Syrian-Greek wars, the Second Destruction and its aftermath, and the oppressions of Hadrian and Titus). We possess the names of Sages and their Yeshivoth in the Holy Land throughout the last two millennia (see, for example, Talmud Rosh Hashanah 31a-b).
