Hydrology

Isaac Newton discovered that the moon's gravity caused tides on Earth through his theory of universal gravitation, which explains how objects with mass attract each other. He described how the gravitational pull of the moon affects the oceans, causing two high tides and two low tides each day.

During an eclipse of the sun, the gravitational forces between the sun, moon, and Earth align, causing higher ocean tides known as spring tides. These occur because the gravitational pull of the sun and moon reinforce each other, leading to increased tidal range.

The sun and the moon's gravity pull in the same direction .

During spring tides, the Earth, Moon, and Sun are aligned in such a way that their gravitational forces combine to create higher high tides and lower low tides. This alignment occurs during the full moon and new moon phases when the Earth, Moon, and Sun form a straight line.

The dominant channel forming discharge is often assumed to be the bankfull flow.

For example Knighton (1998) argued that "since it seems reasonable to suppose that river channels are adjusted on average to a flow which just fills the available cross-section, dominant discharge has been equated with bankfull flow, thereby giving it additional

morphogenetic significance."

The dominant discharge is supposed to give the same effects as the whole range of

discharges occurring (Brandt, 2000).

---

Brandt, S.A., 2000: Classification of geomorphological effects downstream of dams. Catena, vol. 40(4), pp. 375-401. doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00093-X Knighton, D., 1998. Fluvial Forms and Processes: A New Perspective. Arnold, London, xv+383 pp.

Water cannot exist in liquid form on Mars and the outer planets because of their extremely low temperatures. Mars has a thin atmosphere that cannot trap enough heat for liquid water to exist on its surface. The outer planets, like Jupiter and Saturn, have such low temperatures that water freezes into solid ice or exists as vapor in their atmospheres.

Roughly 97.5% of Earth's water is salt water, found in the oceans, while about 2.5% is fresh water. Most of the fresh water is locked up in ice caps and glaciers, with a small fraction available in rivers, lakes, and groundwater.

The first flush effect in hydrology refers to the initial runoff from a rain event that can contain a higher concentration of pollutants due to accumulated debris, sediments, and contaminants on impervious surfaces. These pollutants are washed into water bodies before dilution occurs, which can impact water quality and ecosystems downstream. Managing first flush can involve implementing stormwater management practices to minimize pollution entering waterways.

The deepest freshwater lake on Earth is Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. It reaches a maximum depth of about 5,387 feet (1,642 meters). It is also the world's oldest and largest freshwater lake by volume.

It's 3

the gravitational pull would have less of an effect because it's moving at a faster speed. And since the gravitational pull is what causes the earth's tides, then they would most likely be less effected.

Most freshwater on Earth is found in glaciers and ice caps, with around 68.7% of the world's freshwater stored there. Other significant sources of freshwater include groundwater (30.1%) and surface water in lakes, rivers, and wetlands (less than 1%).

The volume of all fresh water on Earth would be about 8 to 10 million cubic miles. That sounds like a lot except that 2/3 of that is frozen into glaciers and the ice caps in Greenland and Antarctica.

-----

Estimates vary on the percent of the Earth's water that is fresh, but it is only about 2.5 to 3% of the Earth's water. Most of this fresh water is frozen in the ice caps (Greenland and Antarctica) and in glaciers.

NASA says Earth's total water content is about 1.39 billion cubic kilometers (331 million cubic miles) and that 2.5% of that is fresh water. (And 68.9% of it is locked up in glaciers) The US Geological Survey says that up to 3% of the world's water is fresh.

(see related link)

Around 3% of water on earth is fresh water

No. The water table (groundwater surface) is a location of varying depth depending on the topography and the location of aquifers and their associated permeable layers. There can be multiple water tables.

no. it melts

An iceberg will float as long as it is in water. If you could put an iceberg in a liquid less dense than ice, the iceberg would sink.

Containing itwould involve building an impoudment or pond. Channel the water into , an impoundment basin for further use. If you need further info the army Corps. of Eng. have a lot of info on their website.

Not directly. The tides are caused by the gravity of the moon and, to a lesser degree, the sun. Since gravity decreases with increasing distance from an object, the moon's gravitational pull on Earth is strongest on the side facing the moon and weakest on the side facing away. This results in what we call tidal bulges on those sides, which correspond to high tide. As Earth rotates the side facing the moon changes. When the moon is on horizon and rising the tide will be low. Six hours later, when Earth's rotation brings us closest to the moon, high tide will occur.

3%

Heat speeds up the rate of evaporation.

Around 8 to 10 million cubic miles of Earth's water is considered fresh water, of which some 6 to 7 million cubic miles (more than two-thirds) is frozen in glaciers and the ice caps in Greenland and Antarctica.

The Earth's 23.5 degree tilt with respect to the orbital or ecliptic plane causes the Sun to rise higher in the sky during the summer months and lower in the winter months.. The spring and autumnal equinoxes correspond to the days on which the Sun is positioned directly over the equator and is observed to rise directly in the Eastern sky, resulting in exactly the same amount of daylight and nighttime everywhere on Earth.