Immune System

Mast cells are helpful to the physical body because they help iniate an inflammatory response. Inflammation is used by the physical body to defend it'self against incoming antigens that could potentially harm the body. Inflammation is an immune system adaptation and most sources refer to it as a secondary form of non-specific immunity. The reason Mast Cells are usefull is because they are the cells that have cell identity markers on them. Mast cells are a type of wbc that differentiates into a mast cell when it leaves the cardio-vascular system and moves into the tissue. Mast cells are able to recognise a potentially harmful substance. The value of this is that mast cells are able to produce and allergic reaction and this attracts macrophages and other WBC's which ensure that the potentially harmful substance is isolated and distroyed. The body sees the positive aspect of removing the potentially harmful substance as more important than the negatives associated with inflammation.

write the aim apparatus and materials required and procedure of differential leucocyte count

the same puta thing as us!

The biological therapy that is capable of binding to target cells is called Monoclonal Antibodies. This therapy produces lymphocytes and binds to target cells.

Lymphatic circulatory

They are produced by B-cells, which are a type of white blood cell most often found in the circulatory system.

Blood collects into small veins that in turn merge to form trabecular veins

natural resistance

natural defense

antibodies

body protector ?

Phagocytosis

immunity

One cause of an increase in atypical lymphocytes in horses would be from infectious mononucleosis. A vet can treat the horse with medicine.

exogenous pathogens.

Clostridium tetani or tetanus bacteria are usually found in soil, dust, and manure. Tetanus bacteria claims over one million people each year.

• B lymphocytes secrete free antibodies, which provide immunity to viruses
• T lymphocytes are coated with bound antibodies, they provide immunity to foreign cells
• macrophages generally eat debris, but when activated by lymphocytes they concentrate on eating whatever matches the type of antibody the lymphocyte makes

immunoglobulins

weakened microbes

Virus

The mitochondria provide energy to the sperm's 'tail' (flagellum) so that it can move, and propel the sperm cell forward.

The cell is the basic and functional unit of all living organisms. once you are clear with that its easy to know how the genetic code gets into the ribosomes. the entire nature, character and architecture of the cell is maintained by the DNA which holds all the information. When we break up the DNA into a simplistic understanding it is made up of nucleotides and these nucleotides groups of three code for the amino acids. So each and every part is coded by the DNA.

But i can understand your doubt of as the ribosome is the place where the protein assembly takes place then how can it happen that's the beauty of biology.

And please remember science can explain why but not how

activation of the complement via the alternative pathway

You'd most likely want to expose yourself to a "dead" version of that pathogen via vaccination.

The HIV test tests for Human Immunodeficiency virus by using two different kinds of test; the ELISA and the Wester Blot tests. If there are HIV antibodies present, the a person would be diagnosed as having HIV.

Depends on if you're talking about a newborn or an adult. Newborns have a higher normal range than adults. For instance, in Colorado we establish a certain range from the normal population that may differ from the rest of the nation. Adults can run up to 1.0 mg/dl. Anything from 0 to 1.0 mg/dl is considered normal. 1.5 mg/dl is high and may require additional lab work or other studies to determine the cause of the high bilirubin. The physician may request that the lab break the bilirubin test down into direct vs. indirect bilirubin. Direct bilirubin is a measure of how much of the bilirubin is not soluble and therefore not excreted in the urine. Sunlight can actually "conjugate the bilirubin" to make it more soluble in the urine and therefore excretable in the urine. This is why they put babies with "jaundice" or high bilirubin under bili lights. Bili lights will help turn the unconjugated biliruben into soluble biliruben which can then be excreted in the urine. Increased bilirubin in adults can point to several disease states like cirrhosis of the live due to viral hepatitis, alcoholism or other factors. Very high bilirubin levels in infants can cause brain damage, so treatment like exchange transfusion may be in order.

Basically to explain this, an antigen is any type of pathogen that causes disease, while an antibody is something that combats against the antigen.

Lymph nodes