Industrial Engineering

Both are Same, Applied Mechanics is commonly referred to as engineering mechanics

The easiest way to measure phase difference is with an oscilloscope. Connect one channel to one signal, and connect the other channel to the other signal. Display both channels and trigger off of one. Measure the time difference - best accuracy is at the zero crossing point - and represent that as a percentage of the full period of one signal, normalized to 360 degrees.

If you are building circuitry to do this, there are many options but, basically, you are just repeating in circuitry what you do with the oscilloscope. There are some tricks... Assuming you are building a manual synchronizer for a generator, you can place a light bulb between the two phases, grid and generator. The light bulb will be at full brilliancy when the phases are 180 degrees out, and it will be dark when the phases are in sync. Still assuming the synchronization problem, you can connect the two phases to a special meter with two windings - the meter turns 360 degrees - and indicates phase angle - usually 12:00 is in sync - and most generators are designed to take the load when the generator is slightly faster than the grid and it is in the hot zone for being considered in sync.

The number (e.g. 150) is the lb force the flange is rated to.

A positive displacement pump causes a fluid to move by trapping a fixed amount of it then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. Centrifugal pumps impart pressure to the fluid, to cause a pressure differential and cause flow, but even if the outlet is sealed, the pump can continue to run because it hasn't trapped the fluid. When no flow is occurring, a centrifugal pump acts like a propeller spinning in the water. If flow is stopped on a line that a positive displacement pump is supplying flow to, the pump is forced to stop since the trapped fluid prevents it from moving any more fluid.

corrosion, rust, salt water, bird droppings, human tears

yes the hemp plastic, it is up to ten times stronger

The rectifying section in a distillation column is where the lighter distillate is being enriched and the heavier components removed. This is in contrast to the stripping section where the lighter components are being "stripped" out of the bottom product and the heavier components consequently concentrated.

Yes. It is considered "Mild" Steel due to the low amount of carbon in the steel.

Ideally, the valve should settle into a single position once setpoint is reached. A hunting valve over-controls, or goes too far, then reverses in an attempt to the correct overshoot, but goes too far, reverses direction again, and constantly repeats this cycle.

A hunting valve results in poor control, and prematurely wears out the valve's mechanical parts.

Hunting is usually indicative of loop gain too high (PID gain + process gain), or a valve that is oversized for the intended flow, or noisy input signal, or a PID integral term too small.

in a separately excited generator the field coils are excited from a separate source like a dc battery may be or any other small generator. They are self starting generators.

FEED stands for Front End Engineering Design. It includes robust planning and design early in a project's lifecycle (i.e., the front end of a project), at a time when the ability to influence changes in design is relatively high and the cost to make those changes is relatively low. It typically applies to industries with highly capital intensive, long lifecycle projects. Though it often adds a small amount of time and cost to the early portion of a project, these costs are minor compared to the alternative of the costs and effort required to make changes at a later stage in the project.

so you can see objects that are behind the object you are looking at

Recrystallisation temperature is the temperature at which the crystal structure starts forming.

Very ductile material will often smear rather than cut during machining operations. Less ductile material (more brittle) will cut more easily.

Two names for practically the same condition. Peak inverse is name whereby the maximum voltage can be sustained. Breakdown is actually the point where a reverse voltage is reached and reverse breakdown has occurred

The hierarchical system has its advantages in that all those that live in a system understand what extortionists they need to pay and obey.

Generally speaking, gate valves in larger sizes are full bore unless you order a reduced port. You would always use a full bore gate valve for hot tapping purposes. or you would use a full bore gate vale for runinig a pig in pipeline.

how we calibrate the level switch

I've read it's called a Tang. lol.

I call it a Grab, ironically.

Not sure if that is a legit question.

unequal coiling of wires

The TSI system is Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation system, consists of multiple instruments, including speed sensors, speed monitors and so on. The system continuously monitors the steam turbines of all important parameters, such as: rotational speed, overspeed protection, eccentricity, shaft vibration, cover vibration, axial displacement, differential expansion, and thermal expansion. The system helps to improve the availability of steam turbine unit.

1. There is a layer of compact surface layer on the surface of die castings, and the thickness is about 0.05~0.1mm. The substratum is a loose poriferous structure. Therefore, during polishing, the surface cannot be polished completely and expose loose substratum, otherwise electroplating will be very difficult and it will weaken the corrosion resistance of alloy.

2. Die castings change from the molten state to solid state during die casting. Due to the different freezing points during freezing, segregation is usually caused on the surface of die castings, making aluminum-rich and zinc-rich phases on parts of the surface. So, during pretreatment, strong base and strong acid should not be used to deoil and etch, because strong base firstly dissolves aluminum-rich areas and strong acid firstly dissolves zinc-rich areas so that pinhole and micro-pores are formed on the surface of die castings. In addition, strong base and strong acid remain which easily results in decrustation and bubbles after plating.

3. The shape of zinc alloy die casting is commonly quite complicated. Electroplating should use a solution having good dispersing power and covering power. This is also necessary to prevent positive metal replacement from occurring in recessions and shelters.

4. The plating layer used should be light to avoid polishing or reduce workload of polishing as much as possible. On the one hand, for complicated shapes, die castings are not easy to polish, on the other hand, the thickness of plating layer can be maintained so that quality can be ensured.

5. If the first plating layer uses copper, the thickness should be thicker. Because when copper is plated on the surface of zinc alloy, the thinner the copper layer is, the more quick diffusion is, so the thickness of copper should reach to 7 μm at least or thicker.

6. Multi-layer plating with chromium is a cathode protective coating of zinc alloy, so the layer should have definite thickness, ensuring that there are no pores existing in the coating. The electrode potential of zinc alloy is negative, it can easily produce white power corrosion products of zinc carbonate in moist air. Nevertheless, an appropriate thickness of layer must be chosen based on the conditions in which the products are to be used.

The unthreaded part of a bolt ( or screw) enables 2 surfaces to be bolted tightly together. If it was threaded all the way you could never pull two surfaces exactly together without a small gap.

The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. The raw materials require 6 to 8 hours to descend to the bottom of the furnace where they become the final product of liquid slag and liquid iron.