Infectious Diseases

Soap is generally more effective at removing dirt, grime, and germs from hands than hand sanitizer like Germ-X. Soap works by physically breaking down and washing away germs, while hand sanitizer kills germs on contact. Both can be effective, but soap is preferred when hands are visibly dirty.

In the case of Lyme disease, the agent is the pirochetal organism Borrelia burgdorferi. The primary disease vectors are ticks (Ixodes scapularis or Ixodes dammimi in the Eastern states; and the Ixodes pacificus in the western states.) The tick (Ixodes spp.), also known as the Deer tick can also carry the organism in other less disease prevalent areas. The vector has a two-host lifecycle that requires first the white-footed mouse as a host for the first two years, then it spends its third and final year on its definitive host, the deer. Therefore, familiarity with where these two host are present may suggest the possibility of infection. The first sign is usually flu like symptoms accompanied with joint pain. Typically, there are distinct phases: 1. Characteristically, the tick bite develops into a "bull's eye" skin lesion erthema migrans in about 70% to 80% of the cases; which, then, spreads as a rash. This initial phase may also show signs of nonspecific malaise, headache, aching joints (arthralgia), fever, myalgia, and regional lymphadenopathy. 2. Then, after a period of a few weeks, the organism develops through hermatogenous spread and my manifest as subtle encephalitis with headache and cognitive difficulties. Stiff neck and cranial neuropathy (including facial palsy) is common. The loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement (Ataxia) may also be present, mimicking in some ways Bells palsy. Motor and sensory radiculoneuritis may also be present which may result in referred pain, numbness (especially in the lower legs). Further possible complications during the period are myelitis and visual disturbances because of the organism causing inflammation in the spinal cord and/or the bone marrow. This phase, in a significant number of cases, is associated with a disorder of the central nervous system caused by infection with a spirochete of the genus Borrelia. 3. Finally, the chronic phase, which may appear months after the initial infection. Common findings are arthritis or inflammation in the joints (oligoarthritis) which typically affects the knee. Pain is usually out of proportion to the swelling, however. Musculoskeletal pain is also present, as well as, spinal radiculopathy with paresthesias, encephalopathy, and the symptom of fibromyalgia, commonly referred to as a chronic fatigue. This stage is associated with borreliosis, which in turn, may cause cardiac arrhythmias and even compromise the entire nervous system, and include respiratory distress. Lyme disease is generally considered diagnostically as a disease of last resort. Jim M. Roane, N.D. Naturopathic Solutions http://healthwatch.2knowtruth.com/

It is rare but possible to get anthrax more than once if exposed to spores again. People who have had anthrax should seek medical attention immediately if they suspect re-exposure to the bacteria.

Hello there!

Vaccines have saved many lives, especially from nasty viruses like smallpox and poliomyelitis which claimed several human lives, and other terrible bacterial infections like diphtheria, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae infections in children, to name a few.

So yeah, vaccines have saved many lives, including mine and yours as well and that is why many of us don't have paralysis either from polio and so on.

Hope this helped you! 😄

Dogs with Lyme disease may show symptoms like lethargy, fever, lameness, and swollen joints. With timely treatment, most dogs recover well from Lyme disease and it does not typically result in death. The disease can be managed with antibiotics and supportive care, but it may not go away completely in every case. Regular monitoring by a veterinarian is important to ensure the dog's health.

Measles can cause symptoms such as high fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), and even death. Measles can also weaken the immune system, leaving individuals vulnerable to other infections.

The main symptom associated with Clostridium botulinum intoxication is muscle weakness, which typically starts in the face and spreads downwards through the body. This can lead to difficulty speaking, swallowing, and breathing. In severe cases, it can result in paralysis and respiratory failure.

RNA genome of influenza virus is segmented in to 7 pieces. It has the unique property of undergoing two types of genetic variation ie antigenic drift and antigenic shift. In antigenic drift the antigenic variations are minor where genetic recombination take place between strains of two similar species whereas in antigenic shift the recombination take place between strains of dissimilar species leading to major antigenic variations and hence seasonal epidemics.

The Great Influenza Epidemic, also known as the Spanish Flu, was a deadly global pandemic that occurred in 1918-1919. It infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide and resulted in the deaths of approximately 50 million individuals.

Opportunistic infections may develop when a person's immune system is weakened or compromised, allowing normally harmless microorganisms to cause illness. This can happen in conditions such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy, or individuals taking certain medications that suppress the immune system.

There is absolutely no benefit for having lyme disease.. if you're lucky enough to catch the disease early (first stage) then it's treatable, but many people go years without treatment leading to chronic pain. It makes you tired, rundown, joints swell, nausea, poor circulation, shooting pain and numbness.. etc. benefits? absoultely none.

Brucellosis, a bacterial infection caused by the genus Brucella, can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated unpasteurized milk or dairy products. It can lead to symptoms such as fever, joint pain, and fatigue.

The influenza virus binds to its host cells through a carbohydrate molecule called sialic acid, which is present on the surface of the host cell receptors. The virus recognizes and binds to this sialic acid molecule to initiate the infection process.

Theoretically it is possible to get antibodies from the serum of recovered patient of H1N1. But it will be available in very less quantity. Second question is to whom you will give these antibodies. Thirdly the protection will not be lasting. As this is passive immunity.

It is possible to get measles even if you have been vaccinated, but the chances are significantly lower compared to those who are unvaccinated. The measles vaccine is highly effective, with two doses being about 97% effective at preventing the disease. If a vaccinated person does contract measles, it is usually milder and has fewer complications.

Bacteria from the environment can be present in the air we breathe, but our respiratory system has natural defenses that can help protect against harmful bacteria. Inhaling large amounts of bacteria can potentially lead to respiratory infections. It is important to maintain good hygiene and avoid situations where there is a high risk of inhaling harmful bacteria.

1. Globalization: Increased travel and trade facilitate the spread of infectious diseases between countries.
2. Antibiotic resistance: Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the development of resistant strains of bacteria, making certain infections harder to treat.
3. Climate change: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can impact the distribution and prevalence of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever.
4. Urbanization: Increasing urban populations can lead to overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate healthcare, creating favorable conditions for infectious disease transmission.

hemaglutinin and neuraminidase, two surface glycoproteins of influenza that contribute the the virulence of the disease...

Lyme disease was first identified in 1975 in Lyme, Connecticut.

Lyme Disease affects every system of the human body. There can be severe problems that can occur if Lyme Disease is not treated. One of the worse outcomes of untreated Lyme Disease is paralysis.

It is unlikely to contract Lyme disease from drinking water with a tick in it, as the bacteria that causes Lyme disease is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected tick. Ingesting a tick is not a common route of transmission for this disease. However, it is always best to carefully inspect drinking water and avoid consuming it if there is a tick present.

Yes, Clostridium butyricum is a Gram-positive bacterium.

Yes. Lyme disease is a multi-system bacterial infection caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The spirochete is transmitted from one animal to another through the bite of the infective tick.

Yes, a water sample could have a high concentration of Vibrio cholerae but give negative results in the multiple-tube technique if the bacteria are unevenly distributed in the sample. The technique relies on statistical probability and multiple dilutions to estimate bacterial concentrations, so if the samples taken from the dilution series do not contain the bacteria, the results can be falsely negative.

Yes, especially if they haven't been put through a steaming process of over 250 degrees Celsius prior to being used. Steaming through autoclaving is the only way to destroy prions; all other methods are futile against prions.