Infectious Diseases

Normally, you do not get botulism poisoning from eating raw plants from the garden. You get it from eating prepared food that has not been refrigerated.

At one time it was common at church picnics. Potato Salad made with mayonnaise would sit out in the sun while the congregation worshipped in church. During that time the botulism bacteria would reproduce and produce their toxin. After several hours the people would come out to the picnic. They would eat poison potato salad.

Again. With commercially canned food, the food would be cooked in large kettles. It would be placed in cans and sealed while the temperature was above 180 degrees Fahrenheit 80C. Home canning frequently lets the temperature get low enough for botulism to live in a home canned product.

With botulism, after the bacteria are killed, the poison remains. So, if you suspect that some food might have the botulism bacteria, you must throw it out. Reheating it will only kill the bacteria. It will not remove the poison. You must throw it out.

Yes, virus is a germ because it has very harmful effects on living things and it cause several types of diseases such as rubella etc.We can take anti-viral to avoid virus but it can take long time.

The attack rate of measles is typically around 90%, meaning that about 90% of susceptible individuals exposed to the virus will develop the disease. This high attack rate is why measles is so contagious and can spread rapidly within populations.

Pus in the chest can be a sign of infection in the lungs or pleural space, often caused by conditions like pneumonia or an empyema. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect pus in your chest, as these infections can be serious and require treatment with antibiotics or drainage procedures.

Baccillus [plural. bacilli], Coccus [plural. cocci], and Spirillum [plural. spirilla] are three different shapes of bacteria [singular. bacterium]. A rod-shaped bacterium is called a baccillus. A spiral shaped bacterium is called a spirillum. Spirillum only live as single cells. A round bacterium is called a coccus. Some coccus form pairs and chains while others grow in grape like bunches. Some bacilli also form pairs or chains but they do not grow in bunches. Flagellum [plural. flagella] are hair like structures that allow the bacteria to move in liquids.

Not in Australia. There is no rabies in Australia.

Cooking food can kill most pathogenic bacteria, making it safe to eat. However, once cooked food is exposed to the environment or handled improperly, it can become contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. It's essential to follow proper food safety procedures to prevent foodborne illnesses.

Bacteria can cause disease by releasing toxins that damage cells and tissues in the infected organism. These toxins can lead to inflammation, cell death, and disruption of normal bodily functions, ultimately resulting in disease symptoms.

Measles vaccine prevents from measles and is administered to children of 18 months with a second dose before age of 4 or 5 years.

Vaccine of measles contain alive viruses (called antigens). The alive antigen can reproduce inside the human body but they do not damage host because they are weakened in laboratory to the point where they are still alive and able to reproduce but can not cause serious illness.

When this vaccine is injected into the human body, the T cells of lymphocytes (White blood cells) detect the type of viruses in it. Then B cells of lymphocytes produce antibodies against these viruses. The viruses reproduce inside human body therefore the lymphocytes produce more antibodies against this specific type of viruses. Antibodies bind to the viruses, stop their activity and destroy them.

Now the viruses of vaccine have been destroyed but the antibodies against them are still present and they prevent the actual viruses (harmful) of measles to cause illness.

The person who has once caught measles also has the antibodies against measles viruses after the actual viruses entered the body and caused illness. Therefore the patient will recover within a week without using the vaccine.This person can not get measles again in life because the antibodies against measeles are already produced for prevntion by catching measles once. These antibodies are memory cell for this specific type of viruses.

The vaccine of measles does not cure but it is used for prevention because it helps in production of antibodies against measles without causing illness.

Lyme disease was first identified in the United States in the 1970s following investigations into cases of a mysterious illness affecting children in Lyme, Connecticut. Dr. Allen Steere and his team first described the disease in 1977.

Measles is also known as rubeola.

No, Clostridium sporogenes is non-motile. It moves by forming endospores that can withstand harsh conditions in the environment.

Borrelia burgdorferi is associated with Lyme disease, which is a bacterial infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick. Symptoms of Lyme disease can include fever, fatigue, headache, and a characteristic expanding rash called erythema migrans. If left untreated, Lyme disease can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system.

Clostridium is anaerobic, meaning it cannot survive in the presence of oxygen as oxygen is toxic to it. Oxygen can cause oxidative damage to Clostridium's cell components and disrupt its metabolic processes, ultimately leading to its death.

The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) is a live, attenuated (weakened), combination vaccine that protects against the measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. It was first licensed in the combined form in 1971 and contains the safest and most effective forms of each vaccine.

It is made by taking the measles virus from the throat of an infected person and adapting it to grow in chick embryo cells in a laboratory. As the virus becomes better able to grow in the chick embryo cells, it becomes less able to grow in a child's skin or lungs. When this vaccine virus is given to a child it replicates only a little before it is eliminated from the body. This replication causes the body to develop an immunity that, in 95% of children, lasts for a lifetime.

A second dose of the vaccine is recommended to protect those 5% who did not develop immunity in the first dose and to give "booster" effect to those who did develop an immune response.

The early stages of measles usually involve fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. A few days later, a red-brown rash typically appears on the face and spreads down the body. Infected individuals may also experience small white spots inside the mouth.

Blood and pus-filled bumps in the pubic area can be caused by conditions such as folliculitis (infection of hair follicles), genital herpes, or a sexually transmitted infection like genital warts or molluscum contagiosum. It is important to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

the virus enters through the respiratory tract or conjunctivas of the eyes.

the membrane cofactor protein acts as the receptor for the measles virus.

it is highly contagious caused by morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae.

Bacteria reproduce rapidly which can lead to a quick increase in their population within the body, causing illness. This rapid reproduction can overwhelm the immune system's ability to control the infection, leading to more severe symptoms. Additionally, the genetic variability resulting from rapid reproduction can also contribute to the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics, making treatment more challenging.

The influenza virus doesn't always cause recurrent infections. There are many different strains of the flu and there are two types, which are Type A ad Type B. The flu is a virus that has to run its course.