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Intel 8086 and 8088
The Intel 8086/8088 family of microprocessors is a 16 bit architecture on a 16 bit (8086) or an 8 bit (8088) bus. The 8088 was the processor in the original IBM PC, and has evolved into the most popular processor used today in PC's and servers.
1,056 Questions
What is the first test Test 0 performed by memtest86?
Test 0 [Address test, walking ones, no cache]
Tests all address bits in all memory banks by using a walking ones address pattern.
Explain JMP instruction of 8086 processor with the help of one example?
the JMP command jumps from
a line in the script to another when it is read:
JMP here
INC ax
here: DEC ax
the program will skip the phase that increases ax. (make sure you tag the line it needs to jump to like in the example)
you can also use JMP as an "if" command, for example JAE(Jump if Above or Equal) with the CMP (CoMPare) command like so:
CMP ah, al
JAE here ;(if al is not below ah...)
INC ax ;(increase ax by 1)
JMP there ;(exit the if command)
here: DEC ax ;(else, decrease ax by 1)
there: [the rest of your program]
there are JMP commands for every greater lower and or equal situations.
What is the difference between virtual logical and physical address spaces?
The concept of a logical address space is simply involved the process of mapping the Logical addresses to their Physical Addresses . Logical addresses are generated by the CPU; also referred to as virtual addresses.while Physical Address is the actual address of the data stored on the physical device and mapped by MMU.
How the speed of 8086 microprocessor can be increased?
To increase the speed of the 8086, you need to increase the clock speed, reduce the number of wait states, or both. You could also optimize your code so that it runs faster. Since the 8086 is a segmented memory architecture, it is more efficient to use operands in one segment and to make near references to them.
Why code segment cannot be used as destination?
The Code Segment (CS) register cannot be used as a destination because that is the way Intel designed it. Think about it. If you could load CS directly, the consequence would be that you would lose control of the processor because now the Instruction Pointer (IP) register would be wrong. In order to change the value of CS, you also have to simultaneously change the value of IP. You do that with an intersegment call or jump, an interrupt, or a return.
Arduino is a physical computing platform based on a simple I/O board and a development environment that implements the Processing/Wiring language. Arduino can be used to develop stand-alone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer (e.g., Macromedia Flash, Processing, Max/MSP, Pure Data, SuperCollider). Currently shipping versions can be purchased pre-assembled; hardware design information for older versions is available for those who would like to assemble an Arduino by hand.
There is insufficient information in the question to answer it properly. Please restate the question.
What is meant by microprocessor and explain its operation?
Microprocessor is a programmable logic device which has computing and decision making capability similar to a cpu of a computer..the versions of microprocessor is 8085,8086,8088..
Explain briefly the different modes of winding up of a company?
Modes of Winding Up of Companies
As per Section 425 of the Act, the modes of winding up are:
- Compulsory Winding up by the court.
- Members' Voluntary winding up.
- Creditors' Voluntary winding up.
- Voluntary winding up,
- Winding up subject to supervision of the court.
MODES OF COMPANIES WINDING UP
Compulsory Winding-up by the Court
The court may wind up a Company:
a. if the company has, by special resolution, resolved that the company should be wound up by the court;
b. if default is made in delivering the statutory report to the Registrar or in holding the statutory meeting;
c. if the company does not commence its business within a year from its incorporation, or suspends its business for a whole year;
d. if the number of members is reduced, in the case of a public company, below seven, and in the case of a private company, below two;
e. if the company is unable to pay its debts;
f. if the court is of the opinion that it is just and equitable that the company should be wound up.
The 'just and equitable' clause effectively makes the powers of the court unlimited. In a normal situation, the court might order the winding-up of a company in situations such as a deadlock in the business or continuous losses eroding the capital.
Voluntary Winding-up
A voluntary winding-up may be made on any one of the following grounds:
(a) when the period, if any, fixed for the duration of company by its articles, has expired;
(b) an event has taken place, on the occurrence of which the articles provide that the company is to be dissolved;
(c) if the company passes a special resolution that the company should be wound up voluntarily (section 484(1) of the Act).
In circumstances (a) and (b), an ordinary resolution passed in a general meeting for winding-up is sufficient.
A voluntary winding-up may be
(a) a members' voluntary winding-up,
(b) a creditors' voluntary winding-up.
The members' voluntary winding-up may be resorted to only when the directors or the majority of the directors, are able, at a meeting of the board, to make a declaration verified by an affidavit, to the effect that they have made a full inquiry into the affairs of the company, and that, having done so, they are of the opinion that the company has no debts, or that it will be able to pay its debts in full within such period (not exceeding three years) from the commencement of the winding-up as may be specified in the declaration (section 488 of the Act). In circumstances where the company is not solvent, it cannot be wound up by way of members' voluntary winding-up and it must resort to a creditors' voluntary winding-up. The procedure for a creditors' voluntary winding-up is that the company causes a meeting of the creditors' voluntary winding-up is that the company causes a meeting of the creditors of the company to be called for the day, or the next following day, on which the general meeting of the company is to be held at which the resolution for winding-up is to be proposed, and causes notices of the meeting of creditors to be sent to the creditors by post, simultaneously with the sending of the notices of the general meeting of the company (section 500 of the Act). The creditors and the company at their respective meetings may nominate a person to be the liquidator for the purpose of winding up the affairs and distributing the assets of the company.
Winding-up subject to the Supervision of the Court
After the company has passed a resolution for voluntary winding-up, the court may make an order that the voluntary winding-up shall continue, but subject to the supervision of the court and with such liberty for creditors, contributories or others to apply to the court, and generally on such terms and conditions as the court thinks just (section 533 of the Act). Thus, a voluntary winding-up can e converted into a winding-up subject to the supervision of the court, on terms and conditions imposed by the court.
How do you calculate vertual memory?
Virtual memory is not calculated, although the operating system can manage its size based on how much memory you have. This can lead to fragmentation issues and slack space being created on the hard drive. A good virtual swap file size is generally your memory size multiplied by 1.5. Say you have 4G memory, the swap should be a fixed size (not allowing Windows to manage it) of around 6G. This will give it ample room to swap out information and stop it from fragmenting drive space.
How many parallel data lines are required to pass data to CPU in 256k-word memory uses 16-bit words?
According to the (Michael R. Lindeburg, PE) 3rd edition FE review manual, "All of the bits in a word are passed in parallel to the CPU. There is one data line per data bit". Therefore it takes 16 parallel data lines.
3 What is meant by the term chip and pin?
By paying with the CHIP, it means that you have put an amount of money on your bankcard and you can pay small amounts without having to use a code (this system is currently in use in the Netherland). By pay with your pin code (a 4 figure code), you can have the payment deducted directly from your bank account.
What is the web address of the Greyhound Bus Museum in Hibbing Minnesota?
The web address of the Greyhound Bus Museum is: http://greyhoundbusmuseum.org
Explain how virtual address is converted into physical address?
A Microprocessor provides a memory address (within the address space of that micro, which is related to the number of address pins of the micro. For instance 32 pins can generate 4GB of addresses). In a system with DRAM modules, each DRAm chip contributes with only one bit to compose the word. Each bit has its own address, each DRAM chip has its own address within a module and each module has its own address within the memory system. A DRAM chip is composed by N matrices, so there are "matrix address", line address and column address. There are so many addresses and control signals, and the microprocessor knows nothing about them. Thus, the system must contain a memory controller which translates the address provided by the processor (some times called virtual) into fisical memory address. These translations are made by the hardware (only).
Another history is the virtual memory, where there is a mapping between the address provided by the processor and the address where the data is stored (part in ram and part on disk). The address space is broken in pages, and a mapping unit (which can use a cache like memory - TLB) mantain information about which page is on the disk and witch is on the RAM. This system is a combination of hardware and operating system. The precise explanation can be found in any operating system book.
Sorry by the English.
Instruction pointer (IP) is used to hold the offset of the next instruction to be fetched for BIU available from Code Segment whose base address is held in CS segment base register..
What is the address space range of a microprocessor with 32-bit address bus?
0x00000000 to 0xFFFFFFFF in hexadecimal
0 to 4294967295 in binary
What were the ramifications of the development of the microprocessor?
The development of this chip led to the invention of the first personal computer. With this invention, the use of computers spread from large businesses and the military to small businesses and homes.
What happens when halt instruction is executed?
The processor stops and goes to the halt state. If an interrupt occurs, it responds and then continues execution.
