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Justinian I
Justinian I, also known as Justinian the Great, was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565 AD.
500 Questions
Which emperor built the Santa Sophia?
Answer
The Cathedral of Hagia Sophia (Divine Wisdom of God) was built by the Emperor Justinian the Great in 537 AD. It was so advanced for its time that it remained the largest cathedral in the world for the next 1,000 years, and still remains one of the most impressive buildings in the world to this day.
What does the extent of the empire in 565 suggest about the rule of Justinian?
During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527-565), the empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterrean coast, including North Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries.
the Byzantine emperor who established a committee to review and rewrite the laws.
What rights did Empress Theodora convince and encourage her husband to give women?
Empress Theodora encouraged her husband to give woman more rights. She wanted women to be able to own land. Hope this helped!
They are similar because they all establish a behavior code or legal standard for the society.
What did Justinian and theodora do together?
Theodora was Justinian's closest and most trusted adviser. They effectively ruled together in all matters except for measures to protect and improve the condition of women (which Theodora undertook on her own, with Justinian's support) and religious matters, where the consorts differed.
Theodora's courage saved Justinian's reign during the Nika riots in Constantinople in which many public buildings and some churches were set on fire, and a new emperor was proclaimed. Justinian and his officials prepared to flee. Theodora spoke out against this saying that it was better to die an emperor fighting to retain the throne than to run away and live as an exile. She convinced Justinian and the officials, Justinian ordered his loyal troops to attack the demonstrators in the hippodrome. According to Procopius over 30,000 rebels were killed.
Theodora participated in Justinian's legal and spiritual reforms. She became a champion of women's rights by banning forced prostitution, closing brothels, creating a convent which was a refuge for ex-prostitutes, instituting the death penalty for rape, improving the property rights of women and their rights in divorce, giving women the right of guardianship over their children and forbidding the killing of adulterous wives.
Theodora disagreed with her husband on religious matters. Whilst he supported mainstream Christianity, she supported the Miaphysite dissident doctrine. She founded a monastery which was a shelter for the leaders of this sect who were excommunicated or exiled. She outmanoeuvred her husband and had a Miaphysite enthroned as the Patriarch of Alexandria and Coptic Pope (Justinian had him exiled later. Theodora was accused of supporting heresy and thus undermined the unity of Christianity.
What lands did the byzantine empire lose after the death of Justinian 1?
The Byzantine Empire lost the land they took from Russia they took in the first place, after the death of Justinian 1.
What were the major accomplishments of mulan?
it was belived she was drunk at the time but she still completed her task because she didnt want to disappiont her father
What was the basic idea of the Justinian Code?
Muslim merchants traveled to India, Ceylon, the East Indies, and China, over sea and land, bringing back silks, spices, aromatics, woods, tin, and many other items. Records mention 'slave girls' from the Byzantine Empire along with gold and silver, marble workers, and eunuchs.
The Justian code, whose real name was Corpus of Civil Law (Corpus Iuris Civilis), was the biggest compendium of Roman civil law. It collected a selection of laws from the times of Hadrian, a collection of essays and a textbook for student. Its purpose was to have a comprehensive digest of laws and an aid for the study of law.
What was the significance of aviation in World War 1?
It started as an observation platform and rapidly evolved into a weapon. By the end of the war it was realized that if you control the skies above a battlefield you will win the battle.
Great War began in 1914, all of the belligerent nations had air forces of one type or another. France had 140 aircraft, Germany about 250 and Great Britain about 180. All were largely derived from existing civilian designs, and when compared with our modern aircraft, these machines were flimsy, difficult to fly, short ranged and slow.
Even with those limitations, aircraft were absolutely crucial in influencing the outcome of World War One. On August 22, 1914, two British aircraft returned to their base with news of a huge column of the German First Army passing through Gramont. The first airman to be wounded in air combat, Sgt. Maj. D.S. Jillings of No. 2 Squadron, was in the second aircraft that landed that day. The German movement was the beginning of a turn to the east by Gen. Alexander von Kluck; it was part of the famous Schlieffen plan to envelope the British and French armies as Paris was bypassed to the north.
Incredibly, British headquarters believed the air-born gathered information, and the long-suffering Tommies held their ground long enough for the French to escape. Then, on August 31st, additional Royal Flying Corps aircraft saw von Kluck turn to the southeast in an apparent move to envelope Paris. Armed with - and believing - this knowledge, the British and French were able to establish defensive positions around the French capitol. The resulting Battle of the Marne halted the German advance, and reversed the course of the war. Kaiser Wilhelm's dreams of defeating France in six weeks and then turning to defeat Russia were over. Germany was caught up in a fatal war on two fronts. Thus, in the first month of the Great War, aircraft - primitive as they were - made a decisive contribution to its outcome.
While the above story is true, it vastly overrates the importance of aircraft in WW1 (and, frankly, even in the two battles mentioned). In the opening stages of WW1 in 1914, when the war was still one of fluid movement, aerial reconaisance was at the very best, spotty and uncoordinated, and provided little useful intelligence that was not otherwise available. The incredibly short range of aircraft, the lack of aerial photography, and other technical limitations meant that recon was at best a hit or miss proposition. The complete lack of an organized aerial recon force only emphasized this problem. While some good intelligence was gained, it merely supplemented that gleened by cavalry and other traditional recon units.
Later in the war, when the aerial corps was organized efficiently, and some technical improvements helped with a few of the limitations, aerial recon became more reliable. However, by then, the lines were static, and the range of aircraft was still too limited for very good strategic recon to occur (that is, battlefield recon was pretty much the limit).
The fact is, that aircraft were just too new in WW1 to have any measurable impact. Aerial recon was limited by technical means, and fighters and bombers were just in their infancy.
How did Justinian 1 go about building New Rome?
Assuming that by 'new Rome' you mean Constantinople, he had the famous Hagia Sophia built there and the equally famous Church of the Holy Apostles. Furthermore he built Constantinople's strategically important underground water supply system.
What did Empress Theodora do before she was empress?
She worked as an actress (which at that time was much similar to a stripper-prostitute hybrid than the modern definition of an actress).
What were justinians failures?
As a person. Justinian didn't seem to be able to act decisively in a crises. He seemed to be overly dependent on his wife.
You question is quite vague because there was not such a thing as a book 1 of the Corpus Juris Civilis. The Corpus Juris Civilis came in four parts and each part had several books. The Codex Justinianus came in 12 books. The Digesta came in 50 books. the Institutiones came in 4 books. Justinian never made an official compilation the Novellae (part four) and there were several unofficial versions complied by various jurists.
One could say that book one of the corpus Juris Civilis was Book one of the Codex Justinianus. However, book 1 of this work concerned ecclesiastical law (which applied to the Orthodox Christian church), sources of law and the duties of high offices.
It was not one particular book which made the Corpus Juris Civilis influential. It was the work as a whole which made an impact. The Codex Justinianus provided an example of comprehensive codification of Law. The Digesta provided a comprehensive textbook on Roman law (it was compiled as an advanced law student textbook).
Important principles of the Coprus Juris Civilis were civil law (juris civilis) and jus commune. Civil law is a legal system which has core principles which are codified into a reference system of statutes which are the primary sources of the law. It contrasts with British and American common law, where decisions by judges on cases are based on precedent on the principle that similar cases should not be treated differently on different occasions. Civil law proceeds from abstract, general, underlying and invariant principles established in statutes and it holds that case law is subordinate to statutory law. Jus commune translates into common law, but it is different from the Anglo-American common law . It refers to core principles of civil law and to common or public law applied to general cases as the common or natural rule of right and as opposed to jus singulare established for special cases.
The rediscovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in a library in Pisa in 1070 and the development of methods to study it by four professors at Bologna University, who also established the legal method of studium civilis, provided the foundation for the training of law students and the creation of a class of professional lawyers. Bologna University (the first university in Europe) attracted students from all over Europe. Later other universities in Western Europe also provided this teaching. Ius commune enabled lawyers to institute new legal systems whose substantive (and abstract) rules followed the Corpus Juris Civilis on the basis of its jus commune, and which could replace existing legal traditions and customary laws. Studium civilis entailed the study of law statutes and subsuming a case to the abstract principles of the statutes, rather than making use of precedent.
The first civi law code was created by the emperor Frederick I (reigned 1122-1190) for the Holy Roman Empire. The legal categories of the Corpus Juris Civilis, persons, things and actions, provided the model for categorisation of the Napoleonic Code. The compilation of the civil law codes of many modern European countries drew from the Corpus Juris Civilis and the Napoleonic Code.
What did emperor justinian do-?
Historians see the Reign of Justinian I (or the Great) reign as a distinct period of Byzantine history. It was a period of conquest, splendour, great prosperity, important public works, administrative and religious reforms and imperial unity.
Justinian I wanted to 'restore' the Roman Empire by reconquering the lands lost by the Western Roman Empire as a result of the Germanic invasions. He succeeded in retaking Dalmatia, Italy, Tunisia,, eastern Algeria, and southern Spain. This gave him control of the western basin of the Mediterranean as well as the eastern one. The large revenues the conquests generated (they increased by 20%) helped him with an ambitious programme of public works. He rebuilt two badly damaged churches in Constantinople, the Church of the Holy Apostles and the Hagia Sophia, and built the church of San Vitale in Ravenna (the centre of Byzantine rule in Italy). He built underground cisterns to secure water supply for Constantinople, including the massive Basilica Cistern (453 by 212 feet and 30 ft. high). He built a dam is south-western Turkey to prevent floods and the Sangiarius bridge in north-western Turkey to secure a supply route to the east for the army. He built border fortifications from Africa to the East. He restored towns damaged by an earthquake and built a new city, Justiniana Prima, as the new capital of the province of Illyria. He built a massive granary on an island near Constantinople to make the grain traffic form Egypt more efficient. He also established diplomatic relations with Ethiopia to bypass the land Silk Road through Persia because there were wars with Persia and managed to establish a local production of silk.
Justinian I was one of the most important emperors in the history the Orthodox Church, official church of the empire. He was described as a nursing father of the church. He put the church on a more solid footing and redefined its structure. He wanted to protect its purity and persecuted dissident Christian sects. He secured the rights of the church and the clergy and protected and expanded the monastic orders. He granted the monks the right to inherit property from private individuals and to receive annual gifts for the state and banned the confiscation of monastic property. He gave the canons of the church legal force and issued laws regarding the administration of church property, the elections, rights and obligations of the clergy, the conduct of service and episcopal jurisdiction.
Justinian I took measures to tackle corruption in the provinces and made tax collection more efficient by increasing its professionalization. Justinian's rule was quite despotic. He regulated everything in administration, law and religion tightly. It was said that the church could do nothing contrary to his will. He started the byzantine tradition of the emperor being in charge of the church.
Justinian I commissioned a collection of books called Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law), which was also dubbed Justinian Code in the 16th century. It was a very comprehensive digest of centuries of Roman civil law. It also included collections of essays by famous Roman jurists in two student textbooks.
The Corpus Juris Civilis came in four parts:
1) The Codex (book) Justinianus, which was a review of imperial laws going back 400 years (to the time of Hadrian). It scrapped obsolete or unnecessary laws, made changes when necessary and clarified obscure passages. Its aim was to put the laws in a single book (previously they were written on many different scrolls), harmonise conflicting views among jurists which arose from centuries of poorly organised development of Roman law and have a uniform and coherent body of law. It consists of 12 books, 1 book covers ecclesiastical law, the duties of high officers and sources of law, 7 cover private law, 1 criminal law and 3 administrative laws.
2) The Digesta is a collection of fragments taken from essays on laws written by jurists (mostly from the 2nd and 3rd centuries) which express the private opinions of legal experts. Most were from Ulpian (40%) and Paulus (17%). It was a large amount of writing which was condensed in 50 books. It was used as an advanced law student textbook.
3) The Institutionesis a textbook for first year law students written by two professors. It was a series of extracts from statements on the basic institutions of Roman law from the teaching books by 'writers of authority.' In was largely based on the texts of Gaius, a jurist of the 2nd century AD.
4) The Novellae Constitutiones, which contained laws recently issued by Justinian.
Why did Justinian close the last surviving Platonic academy?
Because he saw it as a pagan-based institution, or possibly because he had just opened his own university and saw them as competitors.
What buildings did Justinian build in the Byzantine Empire?
I believe the answer is the Hagia Sophia. Hope this helped! :D
Why was Justinian I's code of laws important?
The collection of books called Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law), which was also dubbed Justinian Code in the 16th century, and which was commissioned by Justinian I, was a very comprehensive digest of centuries of Roman law which collected them in one book and which revised the whole of Roman law. It also included collections of essays by famous Roman jurists in two student textbooks. It has provided the basis of the civil law of many modern countries. A first edition was published in 529 and a second one in 534
The Corpus Juris Civilis came in four parts:
1) The Codex (book) Justinianus, which was a review of imperial laws going back 400 years (to the time of Hadrian). It scrapped obsolete or unnecessary laws, made changes when necessary and clarified obscure passages. Its aim was to put the laws in a single book (previously they were written on many different scrolls), harmonise conflicting views among jurists which arose from centuries of poorly organised development of Roman law and have a uniform and coherent body of law. It consists of 12 books, 1 book covers ecclesiastical law, the duties of high officers and sources of law, 7 cover private law, 1 criminal law and 3 administrative laws.
2) The Digesta is a collection of fragments taken from essays on laws written by jurists (mostly from the 2nd and 3rd centuries) which express the private opinions of legal experts. Most were from Ulpian (40%) and Paulus (17%). It was a large amount of writing which was condensed in 50 books. It was used as an advanced law student textbook.
3) The Institutiones is a textbook for first year law students written by two professors. It was a series of extracts from statements on the basic institutions of Roman law from the teaching books by 'writers of authority.' In was largely based on the texts of Gaius, a jurist of the 2nd century AD.
4) The Novellae Constitutiones, which contained laws recently issued by Justinian.
