Linux

Linux actually has the largest share of the web server market, so you're probably not wondering about it's popularity in that regard.

Many people point to different issues with desktop Linux, and think that once this barrier is overcome, it will become the "year of the Linux desktop." However, it is likely a combination of these factors that slow the growth of Linux in this area.

The first reason is that in order to take a significant market share, you have to market. When was the last time you saw a commercial on TV, telling you to get a computer with Ubuntu on it, instead of a Mac or a PC with Windows? If no one hears about it, they aren't going to be interested in trying it.

The second reason is the (perceived) complexity that people like to portray Linux as having. Not to be cruel, but a large number of internet users one will come across will communicate on a third-grade level. They don't understand relatively simple computer terms like "partitioning", "formatting", or "open-source." They want to know why they can't play RuneScape out of the box, or play MP3 files, or DVDs.

The third reason is probably the fact that they first have to deal with an operating system already being dominant. Many manufacturers don't provide any sort of drivers for Linux, or supply specifications so that others can write them. Many software companies that make popular products don't make a Linux version. Many computer retailers are locked into licensing agreements with Microsoft, so that they effectively can't sell a computer without bundling the cost of Windows with it. Not many people are going to be interested in Linux if it costs them exactly the same as Windows, but can't run half of its programs.

"/" is the root directory in Linux. Make sure not to confuse this with the "/root" directory, which is the home directory for the user "root" (similar to "Administrator" on Windows)

sudo is a Linux command used to execute programs as the root, or "super user." sudo is a shortening of "super user do." One uses sudo when they need to run a command or program as root, but do not wish to log out or switch their entire shell to root privileges (like they could do with the su command). The file sudoers defines per user or per group what commands can be run with sudo. This file is edited with the command visudoers

According to NetApplications, in October 2008, the most-used operating systems are as follows: 1. Windows XP (68.1%) 2. Windows Vista (19.3%) 3. Mac OS X (8.2%) 4. Windows 2000 (1.7%) 5. Linux (0.7%) The main five families of operating systems are: 1. Windows 2. Mac OS X 3. Linux 4. FreeBSD 5. SunOS

A "root" user has the power to do anything on a Linux system. A "normal user" will be assigned some of these capabilities based on what group they are in, but is generally prevented from running any commands that may affect the system outside of their home directory. Users can be granted "sudo" rights, which allows them to run the sudo command and temporarily be granted root privileges.

This largely has to do with Linux's relationship to Unix. Unix itself was a multi-user operating system built for mainframes and minicomputers.

For practical purposes, however, multi-user operating systems are probably the most useful nowadays when it comes to systems where more than one user will be on the same system at the same time. Servers most frequently use this but a Linux desktop may also use this in cases where another user might run an X session remotely off the same machine or SSH in.

It simply means - the software has been designed so that the 'end user' (you & me) doesn't have to think too hard to actually use it. Some software (especially in the engineering trade etc) - requires at least a working knowledge of the subject in order to use the program.

The ability to run a GUI is commonly called X11 with different implementations. The most popular in the Linux world is called X.Org Server. There are several but the most popular it seems are Gnome, KDE, and Xfce.

Linux is an operating system which is free and has an open source unlike Microsoft Windows. An embedded Linux is a small independent program used within all sorts of appliances to control its operation and its functions.

From the manpage of the bc(1) command:

The following is the definition of the recursive factorial function.

define f (x) {

if (x <= 1) return (1);

return (f(x-1) * x);

}

So you could enter that definition of f(), and then call it, for example f(10)

Technically, there is none. Different groups for accounts can be created based on the type of permissions they have. User accounts are then assigned to one or more of these accounts based on what permissions the system administrator wants them to have. There is a group called "admin", but it does not work in the same way as the Administrator group. People sometimes cite that the "root" account is the equivalent, but this is incorrect. The root account is never used directly on a properly-designed Linux system. Users in the "admin" group can perform tasks with root permissions, but they must enter credentials whenever they need to do so; Administrators in Windows do not.

Even in the early days when Linux first came out, it was often commented upon how much faster it was than traditional Unix systems. For many tasks, Linux simply performs better. There are some situations that Linux still has not been optimized for, though, so Unix systems are used to do the "heavy" lifting.

the macintosh operating systems is more user-friendly

There are several reasons why Google uses Linux for many of its needs instead of Windows:

1. Linux is cheaper (even available for free). Server versions of Windows can cost, depending on the specific edition, several thousand dollars per copy. With hundreds of servers, this is not a small investment.

2. Windows does not support the multitude of architectures that Linux does. Using Linux, Google can easily migrate to or utilize ultra-powerful systems from IBM or Sun.

3. Linux can be easily implemented in non-traditional systems, such as those with thousands of processors or with several terabytes of RAM. Windows HPC 2008 is very expensive to license for such an application and has not been as well tested in this area.

use shortcuts. you can work on the computers without mouse and cursor using those shortcuts.

Each user (on a multi-user computer) has a home directory, and it is the first directory shown after a user logs in. For instance: rodney@downstairs:~$ shows that my user name is rodney, my host or computer name is 'downstairs', the tilde '~' shows that I am in my home directory, and the dollar sign '$' shows that all is ready for me to type in a command.

Typing the command 'pwd' (without the single quotes) in a terminal will show which directory you are in - pwd means 'print working directory'. The command 'ls' will list all directories.

You can view the history of commands entered on a Linux system with the history command.

An operating system is usually defined as a collection of software used to create a complete and usable system. By that definition, he did not create any operating system. Torvalds created the most important piece of an operating system, a kernel. The kernel he created is called Linux.

Depends on the Desktop environment. In E17 it will initiate the run dialog. In Gnome it will switch between opened applications.

This is generally a matter of preference based on what user interface you prefer (KDE in Kubuntu, or GNOME in Ubuntu). They are both produced by the same company, although some believe the Ubuntu distribution receives more attention and polish.

It depends on the filesystem, but modern filesystems will allow this.

Microsoft Word is a word processor. Linux is a family of operating systems.

By using the Windows partitioner to make space by reszing partitions and installing Windows, then reinstalling the Linux bootloader. It is generally considered better form to install Windows first and then Linux.

Very few applications are made specifically for Ubuntu. Most are available for other Linux distributions, and many are also available for Linux. Examples of programs included or available for Ubuntu are:

* Mozilla Firefox * Pidgin * OpenOffice.org * AbiWord * Mozilla Thunderbird * Kopete * Battle for Wesnoth * Amarok * Apache web server