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Linux
A free and open-source family of operating systems first started in 1991 and named after its creator, Linus Torvalds.
2,239 Questions
755 means read and execute access for everyone and also write access for the owner of the file. When you perform chmod 755 filename command you allow everyone to read and execute the file, owner is allowed to write to the file as well.
What command can be used to view a list of directory including the file system type?
The DIR command in MS-DOS and the Windows command prompt can do this.
Since this is in the Linux category the way to do it would be by using the df utility. be sure and use the -h (human) option to make the output more easily understandable.
Linux has only one root directory per directory tree. true or false?
Unlike Windows, Linux has a unified file system.
In Windows, all paths start with a drive letter, like C:
( C:\Users\Joe\Documents\readme.txt )
A flash drive may mount as F:, and a CD may mount as E:.
In Linux, there are no drive letters, and all paths begin from the root directory (/)
( /home/joe/readme.txt )
Storage devices will instead mount to folders. A flash drive may mount to
/media/Lexar
So, to answer your question, Linux only has one directory tree, the uppermost level of which is known as the file system's root.
What is the difference between the dir and ls commands?
From the user's point of view, there is very little difference between dir on windows or dos and ls on Unix. Anyone who has looked at the will see that ls has a lot more command line switches than dir - most of the alphabet, in fact. (This lead a couple of juvenile colleagues to see what rude words they could make with them and still get usable output!)
At a deeper level there are some differences:
dir is built in to the operating system and ls is an external program, so that dir should always work, but ls will only work if it is installed and in the path. (Which, of course, it will be unless something has gone wrong!)
Whilst file types or extensions (such as *.doc, *.txt) are used in Unix to assist humans to differentiate files, Unix has no built in concept of these whereas dos/Windows expects them. So the dos command:
dir *.* will show all files in a directory, but in Unix
ls *.* will only show files with a dot in the name, ls * is more likely to give the result expected.
Also, Unix style "[" and "]" can be used to define a group, so that: ls prog.[oc] will match prog.c and prog.o (but not prog.oc)
From the above, it can be seen that both recognise wildcards (* and ?). However, Unix treats them differently. In dos, the wildcard is presented unchanged to the command (DIR in this case) and the command has to understand and interpret it. In Unix, the operating system processes the wild card and presents the results to the command. From the user's perspective, there is normally no difference but it can have subtle effects and is worth being aware of.
Why do Linux programs not run in Windows?
The 2 operating systems are different from each other. Linux programs aren't meant to work in Windows most of the time.
If you want to run Linux programs in Windows, install cygwin, and compile them from source code.
Nearly everyone uses Linux, but doesn't realize it. Linux is everywhere. Many devices run Linux "behind the scenes", including netbook computers, cell phones, tablet computers, routers, televisions, DVD players, MP3 players, GPS systems, and any device with Android. It is also popular on servers, especially Web servers.
Microsoft has been making deals with hardware vendors for years to ship it's Operating Systems. Approximately two years ago, a number of vendors decided to offer PCs without operating systems so that customers could install their own version of Linux. Microsoft quickly attempted to squash this movement, claiming that selling PCs without an OS will cause rampant piracy. http://news.zdnet.co.UK/software/0,1000000121,39261437,00.htm, plus Microsoft subsidies their OS with the vendors and spreads FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear,_uncertainty_and_doubt
Most of the other reasons stem from lack of options when purchasing a computer. IBM only sold their computers with MS-DOS, it was the only option. Most manufacturers now will only sell PCs and laptops with Windows installed. Couple that with the fact that most people have no idea how to install an OS, it is the same as with Windows, simply insert CD or DVD and click install, nor the fact that Linux even exists at all.
Further, Microsoft is a huge contributor, subsidies their software and stating a condition only their software is to be used at Universities, causing the Universities to centre their Computer Science courses around Microsoft products, meaning that future programmers are only programming for Microsoft's platform. The more incompatible software that exists, the more difficult it is for someone who wants to switch to Linux to actually do so.
Lot of people do not use Linux because using Linux would bring them out of their comfort zone, which is a false notion, because Linux is real easy to use and learn. Most users forced use Windows at work, school, and so take it home and have learned how to use computers through Windows. Even small changes are difficult for novice computer users.
One of the main reasons is that some programs can only be used on certain operating systems, but there are other programs that do the same thing or better in Linux, being a smaller player is catching up and is improving to the extent that today almost all programs can be used on Linux systems.
Linux has no real marketing department, so word by mouth is its marketing strategy. But once people get to use Linux they could be saving lots of money, because for the everyday user, they never have to pay for a OS license fee ever and can copy the OS to as many computers as they wish and never get sued. The same goes for the office suite, OpenOffice.org, it is free for taking.
"cp"
The syntax is
cp foo bar
where "foo" is the file you want to copy, and "bar" is the name you want the copy to be called.
cp /home/user/music/song.mp3 /home/user
would copy song.mp3 to /home/user, but give it the same name.
You can view additional command line options here:
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/ucp.htm
What are the top three reasons to use NFS in Linux?
NFS allows a system to share directories and files with others over a network. By using NFS, users and programs can access files on remote systems almost as if they were local files.
Some of the most notable benefits that NFS can provide are:
Local workstations use less disk space because commonly used data can be stored on a single machine and still remain accessible to others over the network.
There is no need for users to have separate home directories on every network machine. Home directories could be set up on the NFS server and made available throughout the network.
Storage devices such as floppy disks, CDROM drives, and USB Thumb drives can be used by other machines on the network. This may reduce the number of removable media drives throughout the network.
How do you install Microsoft Office on Linux?
Yes. You will need an office suite that supports Microsoft's file formats, though. OpenOffice should be highly compatible. Koffice is also compatible to a lesser extent. As a final option, it is possible to install Microsoft Office itself using Wine.
Does the root directory in Linux have any sub-directories you can not search as an ordinary user?
That would be /root, which is the home directory of the root user. Keep in mind, according to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, /root is actually optional, but I've never seen a Linux distribution that didn't have it anyway.
Network File System (NFS). It is used to A protocol that allows UNIX and Linux systems remotely mount each others file systems . If you have More information so you can visit website :http://www.iyogibusiness.com
How many partitions minimum does Linux require?
It should have the same limitations as any other operating system if you solely work with physical volumes - 4 primary partitions on MBR, unlimited on GPT (though Windows will limit it to 128).
Otherwise, if you use something like LVM, it would be unlimited logical partitions, across a single disk or multiple disks.
What does the shell do when a command executed successfully?
While the command is executing, the shell waits for the process to finish.
Where did the name Linux come from?
Linux was named by Ari Lemmke, who ran the FTP server where Linux was originally published. Linus Torvalds originally wanted to call the project "Freax", a combination of "free", "freak", and "Unix", but Lemmke's name stuck.
Which Linux command shows which shell you are in?
to get the current shell :
echo $0
also Use the command ps with -p {pid} option, which selects the processes whose process ID numbers appear in pid. Use following command to find out what shell you are in:
ps -p $$
How can you download music to your Linux laptop?
In much the same way as you would on Windows. You can copy music from an audio CD (most distributions will automatically convert them to OGG format for you, when you browse the CD's contents). You can use BitTorrent clients, such as KTorrent, Vuze, or Transmission. Frostwire, a program based on the source of Limewire, is available for Linux.
Why do most versions of Linux and Windows use the CD command to change directions?
Both copied the command from Unix. Unix probably copied it from somewhere too.
Answer
When Tim Patterson of Seattle Computer Products was originally contracted by Microsoft to write an operating system for the original IBM PC, he included the 'cd' command to change directories, probably owing to his previous Unix experience. However, we cannot blame Tim for any imperfections in Microsoft DOS or it's evolutionary descendants, the original Microsoft DOS was pulled from Tim long before he was finished with it by Microsoft's Bill Gates in order to demo it for IBM in Boca Raton Florida. [JMH]
PHP is a cross platform programming language, it is (in theory) available on any operating system.
How do you compile programs in Linux?
You compile a Linux program with the 'make' command. Most of the time, Linux programs come with a makefile, which is a list of instructions that 'make' can use to build the program. You would just type 'make', or 'make target'. (But you've got to study this, and read the makefile.)
In the simplest case, without 'make', you can compile and link the hello.c program with the 'cc -o hello hello.c' command or, if 'make' is installed, you can use default rules by using the 'make hello.c' command.
Can you install Windows XP after Linux?
Linux runs on a large variety of hardware. Windows will only run on hardware with an x86-compatible processor (Core 2, Xeon, Athlon 64 X2, etc...). Also, even the Professional edition of Xp will only scale to two physical processors. So much of your computing power will likely go to waste. To use all of the processors, you need Windows Server 2003 or higher.
In Linux what command can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a certain directory?
bash# ls -la
Above command will list all files in current directory in long listing format. To know more read the manual page of ls command.
bash# man ls
How do you change your IP address in Linux?
If your router assigns IP addresses via DHCP, it is better to configure the router to pre-assign IP addresses to certain hostnames.
If you do not have a DHCP server running in your router, you can specify an IP address for a network interface with the ifconfig command. For example:
ifconfig eth0 192.168.20.10
Is Linux compatible with Windows?
No, it is a distinct and separate operating system than windows.
Windows is proprietary software owned by Microsoft and its source is closed. That means that we are not allowed to see or change the original code that created it.
Linux is free software written under the GNU licence. The source is open, you can do with it more or less whatever you want and is usually free of charge. You can read about it www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
