Linux

To format /dev/hda5 with ext3 file system.

As superuser: # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda5

Important quote from a website: WARNING: Executing these commands will destroy all the data on your filesystem. So, try these commands only on a test system where you don't care about losing your data. Unquote.

No. There are several instant messenger clients that run ON Linux, though.

It depends which 'distro' and window manager you're using - and the messenger type programs tend to be multi protocol in Linux, so you can connect to MSN, Yahoo, AIM, ICQ etc all from the same program.

In a KDE based distro, you'll usually find 'kopette' and in a Gnome based distro, you'll often find 'pidgin' formerly called GAIM. There are lots of others, just check the package manager

Webcam support is either basic or non existent though

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol

The Linux kernel.

Linux is not a single product from a single company. Several companies produce Linux distros.

Novell (on NASDAQ) - NOVL

Red Hat (on NYSE) - RHT

Xandros - not publicly traded

Canonical - not publicly traded

LDAP means Light-Weight Directory Access Protocol. It determines how an object in an Active directory should be named. LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a proposed open standard for accessing global or local directory services over a network and/or the Internet. A directory, in this sense, is very much like a phone book. LDAP can handle other information, but at present it is typically used to associate names with phone numbers and email addresses. LDAP directories are designed to support a high volume of queries, but the data stored in the directory does not change very often. It works on port no. 389. LDAP is sometimes known as X.500 Lite. X.500 is an international standard for directories and full-featured, but it is also complex, requiring a lot of computing resources and the full OSI stack. LDAP, in contrast, can run easily on a PC and over TCP/IP. LDAP can access X.500 directories but does not support every capability of X.500 ANSWER B: The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, or LDAP is an application protocol for querying and modifying directory services running over TCP/IP.[1]

A directory is a set of objects with attributes organized in a logical and hierarchical manner. The most common example is the telephone directory, which consists of a series of names (either of persons or organizations) organized alphabetically, with each name having an address and phone number attached.

An LDAP directory tree often reflects various political, geographic, and/or organizational boundaries, depending on the model chosen. LDAP deployments today tend to use Domain name system (DNS) names for structuring the topmost levels of the hierarchy. Deeper inside the directory might appear entries representing people, organizational units, printers, documents, groups of people or anything else that represents a given tree entry (or multiple entries).

Its current version is LDAPv3, which is specified in a series of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Standard Track Requests for comments (RFCs) as detailed in RFC 4510.

It displays icons from various applications to indicate activity in the application.

The cp command does that.

AutoCAD is not developed for Linux. Some versions will run in Wine, but most recent versions will not.

Quick way of repeating/modifying complex commands.

history

gives you the entire history of commands Up to buffer limit, us.5000)

history 20 shows last 20 commands

!501 executes command 501 from history

or select and paste the one you want to modify it first

Most Linux distributions do not use graphical installers for each individual program, so there is no equivalent in Linux. Programs are downloaded and installed through a single interface, be it Synaptic, YaST, apt, and so on.

A deadlock is a situation whereÊtwo or more competing actions or processes run at the same time while they shouldn't hence no task is either completed, while process synchronization is where two or more process work together concurrently with each other to complete a task.

The cat utility is designed to join files together. It is also sometimes used to read files through a terminal.

No, there isn't.However, most of the major Linux distros (Opensuse, Ubuntu) have tablet support included.

In addition to having tablet support (hardware), you may find the following software necessary for easy usage:

1. Cellwriter - recognizes your handwriting & converts to text

2. Xournal - A notebook for writing with a great user interface

PS: Depending on the type of tablet you have (Wacom / Graphite / etc) you may have to install some packages additionally. More info on these can be found in the respective distro's community forums.

NFS provides a method for accessing remote file systems over a network. This can be used for multiple purpose, including unified logins and diskless thin clients.

For the most part they are the same but Embedded Linux is tailored for embedded devices that may have particular hardware configurations and limited resources.

They are different ways of presenting documentation for applications in Linux. man pages are typically single pages, while info pages are somewhat more friendly looking, and spread out across multiple pages.

In no particular order

It is under GPL, an open-source license that protects the authors from commercial abuse of their code by others. Much of the traditional Linux software stack is written with this in mind, which deeply affects the software politics involved in Linux

It works with the most software and on the most hardware. It can run on anything from a smartwatch to a supercomputer. Indeed many supercomputers use Linux.

It is free. Not just free to use and download, but free to learn from, improve upon and code for. The source is open for all to review; as such you can see how complex programs are built, often easily since the most popular projects are well documented, owing to the contributor nature of GPL and opensource.

Different installers have slightly different ways of doing things. The basic idea is to specify a partition as the "mount point" for / . That will create the system on that partition.

The passwd file is public and readable by anyone. For this reason you do not want to have some sensitive information placed there, such as the user's password. Passwords and password aging rules are stored in the shadow file that is only accessible by the root administrator account. This way information that is displayed by commands such as 'finger' can use public information but sensitive information such as the password of a user is not accessible.

The AVG Linux Server Edition 2012 is free of charge to download from the official AVG website. If you want to test it first, there is also a free trial download available.

PPP is point to point protocol. It does single channel network links, usually over a long distance, or a VPN. The program that sets up and manages PPP connections is pppd.

Yes. By booting from the Live CD and selecting "Install alongside another operating system", Ubuntu will automatically create a new partition if there is a sufficient empty space in the HDD. Otherwise, the Partitions Manager will prompt you to select the size of the new Linux partition to remove from the original OS.

PS (see "man 1 PS") in Linux is a program that generally comes with the operating system that allows you to see information about the running processes.

pstree is a program that lets you see the processes as a tree, to see which process started which other process, for example.

.deb (Debian Package) files are primarily found in the distro's repository. You generally should not deal with them directly, but rather through your package manager, such as apt, Synaptic, or Adept. You can also browse the repository online to download individual .deb files individually.