Local Area Network

yes

When saving a file to your schools network, you are using a LAN, because it is a local are network. A WAN uses wide area networks, such as connecting two offices in two different locations.

-Assists in protocol design, because protocols that operate at a specific layer have defined information that they act upon and a defined interface to the layers above and below.

-Fosters competition because products from different vendors can work together.

-Prevents technology or capability changes in one layer from affecting other layers above and below.

-Provides a common language to describe networking functions and capabilities.

255.255.255.0 - in decimal representation

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 - binary representation (3 bytes with all the bits equal to 1, the last byte with all the bits equal to 0)

/24 - binary short representation (the number of bits equal to 1)

TCP:

1.reliable transport between

sending and receiving

process

2. flow control: sender won’t

overwhelm receiver

3. congestion control: throttle

sender when network

overloaded

4. does not provide: timing,

minimum throughput

guarantee, security

5. connection-oriented: setup

required between client and

server processes

UDP:

1. unreliable data transfer

between sending and

receiving process

2. does not provide:

reliability, flow control,

congestion control,

timing, throughput

guarantee, security,

or connection setup,

Star network,ring network,tree network,bus network

Class B - 128 - 191

It depends on the wires' diameter you use, and the network topology you will use. Generally say the bigger the diameter you use, the distance longer. But it is the best you use it in BUS of hand in hand. If you use RS485 in tree or star network, it can not be long because of the signal's reflex on lines. What i said above must be twisted-pair, otherwise the distance can not by far. Also you need to consider the data rate you use. the lower data rate you use the longer distance you will get. But all above i said, even in the best condition, RS485 is only 300~500 meters long. If longer distance you need, you have to consider other way, such as RS485 module which use other technology to expand the distance, just only RS485 interface but not RS485 signal on the lines. For example, the PWBS01H series module i used before. It makes RS485 be 3000m distance, also supports tree or start network topology. here is the link for PWBS01H series module.
slideshare.net/eddiegao/bestrong-rs485-powerbusmodules

There is 3 "main" ones.

UDP, TCP, and ARP.

UDP - Used for very fast messaging between servers

TCP - Used for things like chats, http, etc..

ARP - "Address Resolution Protocol" this is what's used to make it so that you are assigned an IP address..

There are thousands, literally, of protocols out there. Those are just the ones I believe fallinto this category.

No. 255 is the highest octet. as know that th highest octet is the 255 and the third octet of this IP is more then standard so we can see it is not valid ip address the valid for this is: 192.255.255.1

You have been asked to design the entire cabling system for a medical instrument manufacturer's new central warehouse. The company already has three buildings within two city blocks, and the warehouse will be its fourth building. Currently, the buildings run on separate networks, but the company would like to be able to exchange data among them. For example, the Quality Control Department in building 1 would like to be able to access servers in the Research Department in building 2. In addition, the Sales Department in building 3 wants to conduct video training sessions for its representatives

in the field via the Internet. Next door, in the warehouse, 50 shipping and packing personnel in the Fulfillment Department will be riding up and down the aisles on forklifts pulling inventory off the shelves on a daily basis.

What kind of transmission media would you recommend for each different building

and department of the medical instrument company and why?

What type of media would you recommend using to connect the buildings and why?

Finally, what kind of media should the company request from its ISP for connecting

the corporate WAN to the Internet?

Jo mama!

Crossbar Switch: A Crossbar Switch connects n inputs to m outputs in a grid, using electronic micro-switches (transistors) at each cross point. The major limitation of this design is the number of crosspoints required. Connecting n inputs to m outputs using a crossbar switch requires n * m crosspoints. For example, to connect 1000 inputs to 1000 outputs requires a crossbar with 1,000,000 crosspoints. A crossbar with this number of crosspoints is impractical. Such a switch is also inefficient because statistics show that, in practice, fewer that 25 percent of the crosspoints are in use at any given time. The rest are idle.

Multistage Switch: The solution to the limitations of the crossbar switch is the Multistage Switch, which combines crossbar switches in several stages. In multistage switching, devices are linked to switches that, in turn are linked top other switches.

The design of a multistage switch depends on the number of stages and the number postages required (or desired) in each stage.

The receiving NIC must check that the destination MAC of a frame is the same as the MAC of the receiving NIC. If it isn't, the NIC isn't the intended destination, and it will just ignore the frame (unless it is set to "promiscuous mode", in which case it will accept all frames).

The receiving NIC must check that the destination MAC of a frame is the same as the MAC of the receiving NIC. If it isn't, the NIC isn't the intended destination, and it will just ignore the frame (unless it is set to "promiscuous mode", in which case it will accept all frames).

The receiving NIC must check that the destination MAC of a frame is the same as the MAC of the receiving NIC. If it isn't, the NIC isn't the intended destination, and it will just ignore the frame (unless it is set to "promiscuous mode", in which case it will accept all frames).

The receiving NIC must check that the destination MAC of a frame is the same as the MAC of the receiving NIC. If it isn't, the NIC isn't the intended destination, and it will just ignore the frame (unless it is set to "promiscuous mode", in which case it will accept all frames).

The five components are sender, receiver, protocol, medium and message

This depends on what "type" of twisted pair. Category 5 ( CAT5 ) cable can transmit up to 100 Mb/s, while Category 6 can transfer up to 1 Gb/s ( 1,024 Mb/s )

The most common twisted pair is CAT5, and CAT5e, used in home networks, business networks, and some multi-line telephone lines.

ring topology uses token ring i.e one way communication which passes the token with header and Destination address into the network.If one client in the network just disconectd from the network then the the entire network collapse. For this problem FDDI is used for fault tolorence Where as ethernet works much efficiently in packet delivering

peer-to-peer

The DHCP Server keeps all the information and data base about the DHCP Cliencts. And it works as folows. ________ ________ | | <-----D------------> Discover-------------> | | |DHCP | <-----O------------> Offer----------------> |DHCP | |SERVER | <-----R------------> Request--------------> |CLIENT | |________| <-----A------------> Acknowledgement------> |________|

I want further answers regarding this. please do send me.

1. DHCP automatically Discover the systems , 2. Server Send the offer to the client systems ,

3. Client send the Request to Server System,

4. last one Acknowledgement send by Server to Client

I would like to make an amendment to that so that it is somewhat further understood in it's entirety.

1st: Hardware sends a broadcast asking for information regarding DHCP servers within the network (or Sub-net of course).

2nd. DHCP server responds saying "Hey, I'm here!"

3rd. Hardware sends a query for an IP address (not the same as the request phase.)

4th. DHCP server comes back with "Here ya go, you can have xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx if you want it!"

5th. Hardware decides that's what it wants, so it requests a lease for that IP address.

6th. DHCP server acknowledges the request and assigns a lease time to that piece of hardware (identified by it's MAC address).

1st through 3rd is done through MAC as the hardware has no IP address and cannot communicate through IP. To do those communications before the IP addresses are assigned they use UDP packets with Source and Destination MAC addresses as beginning and end-points. And DHCP servers don't discover the hardware added, the hardware discovers the DHCP servers.

That's DORA in a nutshell.

Allows the upper layers to access the media using techniques such as framing.

Controls how data is placed onto the media and is received from the media using techniques such as media access control (MAC) and error detection.

net use X: //computername/sharingpath

Where X: is the drive letter you want to map, and a sample path would be //MY-PC/sharedfolder