Local Area Network

cerys mathews

Usually the router.

ICMP messages are of interest both to end-hosts and intermediate routers, although some messages are generally only sent by routers. It is never permissible for an ICMP error message to be generated as the result of receiving an ICMP error message-this avoids the infinite recursion of ICMP message generation (see RFC 1122, related link.). It is also forbidden to send an ICMP message as the result of a datagram that references multiple hosts, such as a broadcast or multicast message, or upon receipt of a noninitial fragment (see the "IP Fragmentation" section earlier in the chapter). These restrictions are designed to prevent broadcast storms.

Performance

An optical switch is a switch that enables signals in circuits to be switched from one circuit to another.

True, they do not exist.

Because it creates a lot traffic which takes a lot of bandwidth. As result you will have a slow network which spends most of its time on broadcasting.

LAN = Local Area Network (this is local, in your own computer network)

WAN = Wide Area Network (this is wide, most of the time this means the internet)

Some end user applications are "Network Aware" , meaning they implement the application layer protocols and are able to communicate directly with the lower layers of the protocol stack. Email clients and web browsers are examples of these applications.

Virtual Circuit

Yes.

If a host is set for half duplex it can experience collisions. In this case it could try sending packets at the same time it is receiving packets.

I can't think of any other situation that would cause collisions to take place on a switch.

UTP (unshielded twisted pair) Cat5 or Cat6.

255.255.0.0

For a Windows based system you use the DHCP MMC snapin console. This is installed when the DHCP server service is installed.

For Linux and Unix based systems you can edit the DHCP configuration file in /etc

An ARP request is a broadcast Ethernet packet, that is, a packet sent onto the local physical network that all attached devices will receive. A device sends an ARP request to make the query "what is the MAC address (a.k.a. hardware address, link layer address, etc.) of this IP address (a.k.a Layer 3 address, logical network address, etc.)?"

An ARP reply is an unicast Ethernet packet, sent from the device that currently owns the specified IP address, back to the device which sent the ARP request. That is, no other device will receive this packet. The ARP reply answers the requester's question, saying "IP address x.x.x.x is associated with MAC address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx".

To help prevent cross-talk between the pairs.

Intraperitoneal

A hard loopback test in telco speak is a simple device that connects the transmit tip side of a circuit to the receive tip side, and the transmit ring side to the receive ring side to complete a loop where the circuit is actually sending and receiving to itself. The device is usually an RJ45x plug that a tech will modify and place into a D-mark jack. By doing this, say in a T-1 circuit, you end up with a monitoring situation where the remote end tester can send and receive patterns to check whether a circuit is taking any errors. This can also be achieved by sending a loop pattern to a piece of equipment causing it to go into a loop for testing. But the hard loop is a physical piece placed into the circuit usually where the customer plugs his equipment. Mike Q Special Equipt Installer --GTE/Verizon 30 years

First let me explain the difference between connection oriented and connectioinless oriented. We'll use you as an example, Lets say you want to send an email to your friend in Australia. You need a system called a protocol to set up your system before you send the message. First a connection has to be made with your buddies Internet supplier, then once the connection is made you can send your email, then you want to make sure he got your email and then you want to end the session so someone else can use the system. On a connection protocol, the protocol first establishes a connection, then waits for a signal from the receiver to make sure the system is clear, then the data is sent, then it waits for a signal to say the data was received, then the session is closed. On a connectionless protocol, the session is established, the data is sent, and then the session is closed. So there is no confirmation if the data was received. That is what connectionless means, Netware uses a Transport protocol called IPX which is a connectionless protocol. So that is where the name came from.

data

Class C

The best way to dust off a computer case is either with compressed air, or a static-free cloth of some sort. You want to avoid vacuum cleaners or furniture polish because they could damage the computer.

pci, usb, network card

No, TCP is responsible for reliable transport delivery. It doesn't know about network congestion (other than flow control caused by ICMP messages).

NetRange: 135.17.0.0 - 135.17.255.255

CIDR: 135.17.0.0/16