Management and Supervision

1 - Sole-Proprietorship

2 - Partnership

3 - Corporation

The no of variants of a particular product is called product depth for example if we consider shampoo of a particular brand say head n shoulder,then the diffrent types of head n shoulder(anti dandruff,soft n silky.normal,natural,etc)is called product depth.

Estimated cost is the budgeted cost according to the original Project Management. Actual cost represent the actual payments (actual cost of the project).

Your question seems related to earned value analysis, which is essentially comparing the budgeted cost/hours against the actual cost/hours.

To find the appropriate information is to ask colleagues politely, and it is important that information is exchanged in an appropriate environment. Comfort is important. Creating a good environment can prevent communication differences. Also be clear about what you are communicating about colleagues may not understand where you may be coming from....

what are responsibility centres, functions of responsibility centers and types of responsibility centers.

how does strtegic management evolve in corporation?its because of changes of technology advances in the world and the competition of market places.

It is difficult to know which aspect is most useful and appropriate in a given situation. What is needed is one broad, detailed, conceptual framework that can help a manager diagnose a problem and decide which tool dor combination of tools will best do the job. The system sapproach provides him this integrated approad to management problems. some important advocate of the systems approach are Chester Barnard, George Homans, Philip Selznick and Herbert simon.

The Hawthorne study is important because we know the different methods for the making of production.

of what importance is planing to an organisation

When performance management goes bad it can move an organization down an undesirable path. In the case of the human resource (HR) department, it is highly likely that a common metric to benchmark performance against is one that measures the time-to-hire. By the time the process to get a requisition approved is completed, the manager that requested it is often dealing with pent up demand for a resource and needs to get the position filled quickly. If the time-to-hire is kept short, then the HR department is fulfilling their internal clients' needs. But when thinking about this metric, it's not related to the success of that new employee, nor is it something that would lead to an organization meeting strategic goals unless they were in the recruiting industry. A better measure is one that takes into account the quality of hire. Filling a position only to find some time later that the fit was poor or that there was a lack of adequate training or mentoring to ensure success, can lead to yet another candidate selection process, greatly increasing the true measure of time-to-hire.

Other metrics can mislead an organization's decisions too. Turnover can often be calculated organization-wide, but few organizations may understand how the turnover of strategic employee positions compares to their peers in their industry. When short-cuts are taken in the analysis of corporate performance, it can be due to a lack of data but more likely it's a lack of relating the data that exists inside and outside the organization for better analysis.

The problem of misguided metrics extends beyond HR departments, but they have a great opportunity to provide metrics to improve employee performance across the organization and help improve the metrics of success used by other departments. For example, there may be a lack of training provided to a procurement manager that may be the cause behind a metric signaling an underperforming supplier.

A packaged analytic application with pre-configured content and metrics, or support from a services provider experienced in HR analytics implementations, can help organizations avoid many of the pitfalls that lead to poor performance management. The reality is that most HR analytics capabilities were developed in-house and while they may have met the immediate needs of the HR department, it is less likely these solutions meet the needs of other departments and processes that the HR department doesn't directly oversee, but certainly impacts. It may have appeared to have been cost-effective to build an HR analytics solution in-house at the time such a project was undertaken, but the hidden costs of bad decision-making are difficult to quantify before an IT project is undertaken. Once these bad decisions reach the office of finance the damage could be significant

Strategic intent refers to the purposes the organization strives for. These may be expressed in terms of a hierarchy of strategic intent. The framework within which firms operate, adopt a predetermined direction and attempt to achieve their goal is provided by a strategic intent.

The hierarchy of strategic intent covers the vision, mission, business definition, business model and the goals and objectives.

A marketing coordinator works with others to ensure the advertisement and marketing campaign is ready. They will work with people both inside and outside of the organization.

Viral marketing is when your marketing message spreads through the sharing and passing between and to individuals. This helps a business further leverage their marketing dollar by getting the message out to more people with limited distribution on the advertisers part.

One of the methods that have spawned many success stories in driving traffic into websites is viral marketing. Viral marketing makes use of the tendency of a person to share something to find informative, entertaining or amazing.

One of the easiest methods in viral marketing is using a tell a friend script. This is a simple programming script that you can attach to the programming of your website. Generally, tell a friends script are installed in pages where a media is placed so that a person can easily send the media to any of his friends or his family members.

The basic concept of a tell a friend script is a script wherein a person may input his name, e-mail address, the recipients e-mail address and send the media to the intended recipient much like an e-mail with an attachment. As the recipient receives the e-mail he wouldn't think of the mail a spam mail because he would see the senders name as someone he or she knows and trust.

Project Management involves management of three variables in a project - cost, time and performance (sometimes cited as quality or scope). Conventional managerial models such as Gantt Charts and CPM/PERT Networks consider modelling project in terms of time alone. Earned value management is an attempt to integrate cost and time variables into professional project management.

The essence is to represent value (in terms of cost of project) against time of execution as a graph called planned value curve during planning of a project. Thereafter during actual execution, the actual value of work completed is plotted on the requisite intervals of time to get what is called an Earned Value curve. A comparison of earned value and planned value curves along with a similar plot of actual cost versus time, throws considerable light on project delays and cost over-runs.

Of course, there are many images and formulae that need to provided to elucidate the concept, but much information of that sort is available on the net. You may prefer to read the wikipedia pages, with this background.

Earned Value Management (EVM) is a project control process based on a structured approach to planning, cost collection and performance measurements. It facilitates the integration of project scope, time and cost objectives and the establishment of a baseline plan for performance measurement (schedule, progress and budget). EVM focuses on useful work done and not just on money/time spent. It effectively measures the efficiency of the work in progress and provides an indication of likely out turns by facilitating trend analysis techniques. A by-product of the technique is that to measure progress, tighter controls are usually required and this usually means projects are better managed. Beware EVM requires considerable administrative organisation and effort in order to implement (new/modified processes and computer systems) and the collect the data. EVM takes a holistic view of the project, so over-performance in one area may well hide under-performance in another. In summary the benefits of EVM are that it gives repeatable answers (how well a project is doing, how will it will do, how well it could do and identify areas of under achievement), provides reliable information to aid decision making, provides data for future estimates of similar work and helps the development of standard curves to assist with target setting for future projects. The equations for EVM have not been mentioned, and if readers want to find out more, then they should investigate concepts such as Budgeted Cost of Work Schedule (BCWS), Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP), Schedule Performance Index (SPI) and Cost performance Index (CPI) to name but a few.

Advertising is a social activity that people use to reach humans. Now this is quite cognitive to the factors which help an advertiser to decide what makes you feel socially good.

Dimensions_of_managerial_jobs

Innovation is advantageous because it creates changes in the current processes and products we use and advances society in doing so. It can also be disadvantageous because the process of innovation takes time and is therefore costly.

A sample of a marketing plan is a written document formulated to save a person or organization the time and money it would normally take to write a plan from scratch. It covers all the topics necessary for successful marketing of any product or services, including an executive summary, introduction, marketing objectives, marketing environment, SWOT analysis, positioning strategies, marketing mix strategies, implementation and control.

Marketing Clout is a new UK portal which allows PR companies and clients to load their stories into a site which has a reach of over 100,000 weekly.

It has also got a great URL www.marketinguk.co.UK

Call Will Corry 01784 434 412 UK for more detail will@themarketingblog.co.UK

WHAT ARE THE KEY MOTIVATIONAL TOOLS THAT CAN IINCREASE WORKERS PERFORMANCE?

THEY FOCUS ON OPERATIONS BEFORE THEY BEGIN.THEIR GOAL IS TO PREVENT ANTISIPATED PROBLEMS.eg. scheduled maintenance on auto mobiles and machinery. regular maintenance feed forward to prevent problems. APPLY TO PROCESS AS THEY ARE HAPPENING.CONCURRENT CONTROLS ENACT WHILE WORK IS BEING PERFORMED AND INCLUDE ANY TYPE OF STEERING OR GUIDING MECHANISM SUCH AS DIRECT SUPERVISION , AUTOMATED SYSTEMS. THIS TYPE FOCUSSES ON THE RESULTS OF THE OPERATIONS .THEY GUIDE FUTURE PLANNING, INPUTS AND PROCESS DESIGNS.eg.timely ( weekly , monthly , quaterly , annual) reportes so that almost instataneous adjust ments can be made.