0
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the use of tools, machines and labor to produce goods for sale or use. It may refer to various human activities ranging from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production where raw materials are transformed into finished goods.
8,256 Questions
What is the fullform of DCDA process for manufacturing of sulfuricacid?
The full form of DCDA process is Double Contact Double Absorption process for the manufacturing of sulfuric acid. In this process, the sulfur dioxide gas is reacted with air to form sulfur trioxide, which is then absorbed in water to produce sulfuric acid. The double contact and double absorption steps enhance the overall efficiency of the sulfuric acid production.
Is cotton a natural or manufactured material?
natural
Cotton comes from plants that first flower and then form into bolls that contain the raw cotton. About this time of year the plant is killed and the bolls open. When this happens a machine called a cotton picker comes through the field and takes the raw cotton off the plant. Usually it takes about 4 times to get all of the cotton. In the first weeks of Nov. the cotton plant is plowed under to prevent the boll worm of establishing a hold. The raw cotton is taken to a gin where it is baled and then sold.
no, crop
Suitable polymer and the likely manufacturing process for rainwater gutters and drainpipes?
Suggest a suitable polymer and the likely manufacturing process for each of the following and give reasons for your choice:
rainwater gutters and drainpipes,
a domestic vacuum cleaner body,
a 13 A electrical socket,
a domestic washing-up bowl, and
lenses for vehicle rear lights.
Mucus is an example of a product manufactured by?
Mucus is an example of a product manufactured by goblet cells in the respiratory and digestive systems. These cells produce mucus to help protect and lubricate the lining of these systems.
Rubber bands are made of elastic material that can stretch and return to its original shape. When a rubber band is stretched, it stores potential energy. This energy is released when the stretching force is removed, causing the rubber band to contract back to its original size.
Where does the stuff the tree is made of come from?
About half the body weight of a tree is carbon. The tree absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, stores the carbon, and releases the oxygen. As the tree grows, it stores more and more carbon.
What unit operations are used in dye manufacturing?
All synthetic organic dyes and pigments contain a ring structure of atoms. The same formation is present in dye intermediates. It is usual also for the dye intermediate to have one or more of the groups of atoms that react chemically to form salts.
A simple example of an intermediate is -naphthol, which is obtained from naphthalene by heating it with 96 percent sulfuric acid at 160 C (320 F), adding sodium sulfate, and volatizing the remaining naphthalene with steam. Sodium naphthalene-2-sulfonate, left behind after this steam treatment, is then fused with caustic soda to yield -naphthol. The -naphthol is separated from the mixture by diluting it with water and treating it with sulfuric acid. These reactions, known respectively as sulfonation and alkali fusion, are given the name unit processes.
A number of such unit processes are available to the chemical manufacturers, and by means of various permutations, it is possible to synthesize the several hundred intermediates needed for the manufacture of the modern range of colorants.
Nitration.In nitration, a nitro group is substituted for a hydrogen atom in an aromatic hydrocarbon molecule by the action of nitric acid. Benzene yields nitrobenzene by reaction with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids at a temperature not exceeding 50 C (122 F). Toluene, with mixed acid at 30-35 C (86-95 F), yields orthonitrotoluene, metanitrotoluene, and paranitrotoluene. Technical quality nitrotoluenes are obtained from the crude nitration product by physical separation methods including fractional distillation; 1-nitronaphthalene is obtained when naphthalene is nitrated.Nitration is a strongly exothermic, or heat-releasing, reaction; in large-scale nitrations the temperature must be maintained between established limits and efficient means of cooling provided. Cast-iron, mild steel, or stainless-steel vessels are used, arranged to permit agitating the mixture. The addition of nitric acid is carefully controlled by instruments that detect incipient rises in temperature. Other safeguards stop the addition in case the stirring mechanism is halted by a power or mechanical failure.
Reduction.Amines, chemical compounds formed by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogen atoms of ammonia, may be obtained from nitro compounds by reduction; that is, replacement of oxygen by hydrogen. This is accomplished by mixing the nitro compound with iron borings and a minimum quantity of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a cast-iron reducer with a powerful agitator. The end products are aniline, or other amines, and ferric oxide. The aniline, which separates as an upper layer above the aqueous suspension of iron and oxide, is removed mechanically and purified by steam distillation followed by fractionation. Analogous processes are employed in making other amines from their corresponding nitro compounds. Halogenation.Halogenation is the introduction, by direct or indirect means, of a halogen (fluorine, chlorine, or bromine) into molecules of dye intermediates. In many cases direct substitution can be effected using elemental chlorine or bromine with or without a catalyst. In other cases a diazotized amine is treated with cuprous chloride or bromide. Indirect means must be employed for introducing fluorine. Hydrogen fluoride (HF), for example, is used to displace chlorine in chloro compounds. Amination.The amination, or conversion of chloro compounds to amines, can be accomplished by ammonolysis, a process that involves heating the chloro compound with aqueous ammonia in a steel autoclave (equipment for working at pressures above atmospheric). Chloronitrobenzene, for example, is transformed into nitroaniline by this process. Several industrial amination processes exist. In the Dow Process monochlorobenzene is converted into aniline by heating it with aqueous ammonia at 240 C (464 F) in the presence of a copper oxide catalyst. In the Halcon Process phenol undergoes ammonolysis to yield aniline. Hydroxylation.Hydroxylation is the introduction of a hydroxyl, or OH, group into the dye-intermediate molecule. Among the methods used for this are fusion by sodium hydroxide, Bucherer reaction (conversion of aromatic amines into phenolic compounds by aqueous sulfite or bisulfite), hydrolysis of chloro compounds under various reaction conditions according to the reactivity of the chloro compound, decomposition of diazonium salts by hot aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrolysis of sulfo groups, and oxidation (described below); for example, the compound cumene yields phenol and acetone. Oxidation.Oxidation, the combination of a substance with oxygen, or, generally, any reaction in which an atom loses electrons, is a ubiquitous chemical reaction in dye chemistry; only a few examples can be given here. The conversion of methyl groups into carboxylic acids, and more especially into styryl compounds, is effected by various oxidants such as sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, and sodium dichromate. The catalyzed oxidation of naphthalene with air leads to phthalic anhydride. Other important reactions include oxidation of leuco compounds to dyes and the formation of complex polycyclic substances from simpler molecules. Benzidine rearrangement.The benzidine rearrangement consists of the conversion of nitrobenzene and its derivatives into derivatives of biphenyl in a two-stage process. The first stage consists of alkaline reduction with zinc dust to the hydrazobenzene; and the second of treatment with hydrochloric acid.The above and other unit processes are used in various combinations in order to produce the important intermediate chemicals that are, in turn, used to manufacture the dyes themselves.
H Acid.H Acid, which is 1-amino-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid, an important dye intermediate, is produced from naphthalene by a combination of the unit processes of sulfonation, nitration, reduction, and hydrolysis. H Acid is used in the manufacture of a large number of azo dyes. Diaminostilbene disulfonic acid.4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid is produced from p-nitrotoluene by a combination of the unit processes of sulfonation, oxidation, and reduction. This product is used in large quantities for manufacture of fluorescent brightening agents.What happens to the flame size when the gas control valve is turned?
When the gas control valve is turned, adjusting it will regulate the flow of gas to the burner. By opening the valve more, the flame size will increase as more gas is released. Conversely, by closing the valve, the flame size will decrease as less gas is able to reach the burner.
3.52 metric tons is how many lbs?
A metric ton is 0.907185 of a ton. That gives you 3.88 tons.That converts to 7,760 pounds.
Nylon is a polyamide, a kind of a synthetic polymer, so it is definitely artificial, man made.
Which acid is used in manufacturing of dynamite?
A concentrated sulfuric acid and a concentrated nitric acid are both used in production of a nitroglycerine, which is an active ingredient of a dynamite.
What is the material used for manufacture carbon wicks for mosquito repellent vaporizer?
Carbon wicks for mosquito repellent vaporizers are typically made from natural bamboo or other plant-based fibers that have been carbonized. This process helps the wicks burn steadily and evenly, providing a consistent release of the repellent ingredients.
How do product manufacturers know exactly when the expiry date of a product is?
Product manufacturers determine the expiry date through stability testing, where the product is tested under various conditions to observe its deterioration over time. Factors such as temperature, light exposure, and packaging are considered to establish the expiry date that ensures product quality and safety.
Why mix rhenium into tungsten?
Mixing rhenium into tungsten improves its high-temperature strength and resistance to wear and corrosion. This alloy is commonly used in aerospace and defense applications where these properties are critical for performance.
Yes, acrilan AKA acrylic is an all-natural fiber. It's an all-natural fiber because it comes from an animal fur or skin.
What is the density of a thick rubber band?
The density of a thick rubber band can vary depending on the specific material and composition of the rubber. However, most rubber bands have a density around 1.0 to 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter.
When was aluminum wiring outlawed in mobile home manufacturing?
About 1976. The problem is that mobile homes are constructed with flimsier walls which will ignite when aluminum overheats. Copper can carry much more of a load than aluminum and therefore is safer.
The real hazard with aluminum wiring is related more to bad connections and improperly completed electrical work.
While aluminum wire cannot handle the flow of electrical current as well as copper, this is corrected by the use of a larger size of wire (as outlined in the CEC or NEC respectively). Therefore, assuming all other factors are taken into account, like correctly sized breakers and properly planned circuits, the wire itself will not have any issues with heating.
However, the same cannot be said of wiring that was done with connectors and devices such as plugs and switches that are not rated for use with aluminum wiring.
Bad connections caused by devices not rated for aluminum wiring or connectors that are not rated, can cause a poor electrical connection, which in turn will create heat. This in turn can cause wires to overheat and burn back from the bad connection and then potentially cause a fire.
Through knowledgeable application of the correct strategies and materials, aluminum wiring is no different that copper wire. Both are subject to heating problems if not connected properly or sized correctly for its application.
But, when installations are completed properly, these concerns are unfounded and aluminum wiring is no less safe than copper.
How do you make your rubber band racer go 20 meters by only using 4 medium sized rubber bands?
To increase the distance your rubber band racer travels, you can experiment with using a larger wheel diameter to cover more ground per revolution. Additionally, optimizing the design for reduced friction and ensuring the rubber bands are wound tightly can help maximize the racer's distance with just 4 medium-sized rubber bands.
What is the description of bath soap?
Bath soap is a cleansing product used during bathing or showering to remove dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin. It usually comes in bar or liquid form and is formulated with ingredients such as surfactants, moisturizers, and fragrances to cleanse and nourish the skin.
Rubber is a polymer composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms, making it highly flammable. When heated to high temperatures, the chemical bonds in rubber break down, releasing energy in the form of heat and light, which causes it to burn. The combustion process involves the reaction of rubber with oxygen in the air, producing carbon dioxide and water vapor as byproducts.
Will a stainless steel cup work as a crucible?
Yes, a stainless steel cup can work as a crucible for some low-temperature melting processes, such as melting small amounts of metals like aluminum or copper. However, it may not be suitable for high-temperature applications involving materials like gold or silver due to the lower melting point of stainless steel. Make sure to check the specific temperature limitations and compatibility of the stainless steel cup for your intended use.
What is the purpose of tempering a quench hardened plain carbon steel?
Tempering is applied to quench hardened plain carbon steel to:
1. reduce brittleness.
2. increase ductility.
3. increase toughness.
4. relieve stresses in the martensite structure.
Increase in tempering temperature lowers the hardness. The reduction in hardness of the quenched steel depends upon the composition of the alloy and the exact value of the temperature applied.
Rubber is a neutral substance, meaning it has no overall charge. However, it can become charged through processes like friction, where it can become negatively charged due to the transfer of electrons.
What are the different parts of a ball point pen?
A ballpoint pen typically consists of a plastic or metal barrel, a retractable mechanism (such as a button or twist mechanism), an ink cartridge containing viscous ink, and a small metal ball at the tip that rotates to transfer ink onto paper. Some pens may also have a pocket clip and a grip section for comfortable writing.
