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Mathematical Constants

Intriguing, ubiquitous, and at times mysterious, numerical constants set the allowable limits for all universal phenomena. Whether your questions involves π, Avogadro's number, Planck's constant, the atomic mass unit, or any of the other multitudes of immutable numbers used in science, this is the category where they should be asked.

2,332 Questions

What is Avogadro's number the number of?

The number of elementary entities in a mole of the substance.

The elementary entities depends on the particles making up the substance. For example, argon is made of single atoms, so a mole of argon simply contains Avogadro's number of atoms.

Water, on the other hand, is made of molecules, so a mole of water contains Avogadro's number of molecules. Now each water molecule, H2O, contains 3 atoms so a mole of water contains 3xAvogadro's number of atoms.

Sodium chloride, NaCl, is made of sodium and chloride ions, in a ratio of 1:1. So a mole of sodium chloride contains Avogadro's number of sodium ions, and Avogadro's number of chloride ions. A mole of sodium chloride therefore contains 2xAvogadro's number of ions in total.

The number comes from the number of carbon atoms in 12g of carbon-12.

Why gravitational constant is constant while when acceleration due to gravity is change?

gravity of earth is constant in any plane but the acceleration may vary becoz of irregular plane

How is the golden ratio derived?

The golden ratio (golden section) is the division of a line so that the whole is to the greater part as that part is to the smaller part (i.e., in a ratio of 1 to 1/2 (√5 + 1)), a proportion that is considered to be particularly pleasing to the eye.

What number is closest to and bigger than 100?

There can be no such number because numbers are infinitely dense.

Consider 100.1

the average of 100 and 100.1 = 100.05. It is closer to 100 and bigger than 100.

The average of 100 and 100.05 = 100.025. It is even closer to 100 and bigger than 100.

The average of 100 and 100.25 = 100.0125. It is even closer to 100 and bigger than 100.

and this process can go on and on and on.

What is the square root of -2 squared?

Unfortunately, because punctuation is not allowed in questions it is impossible to tell exactly what you were asking.

If you meant √(-22) the answer is

-22 = 4

√4 = 2

√(x2) by the way is the official definition of absolute value.

If you meant ((√-2)-2)2 , you are dealing with complex numbers.

(√-2) = i(√2)

[i(√2)]2 = -1(2) = -2

An element's atomic mass number is?

It is about neutrons and protons. The total of neutrons and protons.

What do you have when you subtract the atomic no from atomic mass?

Atomic number is number of protons in an atom while atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom when you subtract you will get the number of neutrons in an atom.

A formula to work out the square root of 2?

There is no simple analytical formula. One possible way to estimate the square root of a number is by iteration. This entails making a guess at the answer and then improving on it. Repeating the procedure should lead to a better estimate at each stage. One such is the Newton-Raphson method.
If you want to find the square root of 2, define f(x) = x^2 – 2. Then finding the square root of 2 is equivalent to solving f(x) = 0.

Let f’(x) = 2x. This is the derivative of f(x) but you do not need to know that to use the N-R method.

Start with x0 as the first guess. Then let xn+1 = xn - f(xn)/f’(xn) for n = 0, 1, 2, … Provided you made a reasonable choice for the starting point, the iteration will very quickly converge to the true answer. It works even if your first guess is not so good:
Suppose you start with x0 = 1 (a pretty poor choice since 1^2 is 1, not 2).
Even so, x3 = 1.4142156863, which is less than 0.0002% from the true value. Finally, remember that the negative value is also a square root.

Why is the law of constant composition important to chemistry?

It means that in any pure compound, the proportion of constituent elements (by mass) is a constant. This allows their chemical formulae to be determined.

What apparatus was used by Cavendish to discover the universal gravitation constant?

The gravitational constant denoted by letter G, is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation(s) of gravitational force between two bodies

Why does the golden ratio exist?

Our appreciation of the golden ratio probably derives from some kind of subconscious mathematical process. Our brains do all sorts of things that we do not consciously know about. In an evolutionary sense, we are designed to recognize patterns, since that is central to our understanding of the world in which we live and our ability to function within it, and as a result, we often see patterns, even when they are illusionary. The golden ratio is a pattern of sorts.

What were the jersey numbers for the 2002 Anaheim Angels?

Click on the '2002 Anaheim Angels' link on this page to see the roster of the 2002 Angels along with uniform number information. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if you want them in a list, heres the ones i know of: Catchers: Bengie Molina #1 Jose Molina #28 1st Baseman: Scott Spiezio #23 Brad Fullmer #20 2nd Baseman:Adam Kennedy #2 Chone Figgins #6 3rd Baseman: Troy Glaus #25 Shortstop: David Eckstine #22 Left Fielder: Garret Anderson #16 Jeff Davanon #33 Center Fielder: Darin Erstad #17 Alex Ochoa #18 Right Fielder: Tim Salmon #15 Starting Rotation: Jarrod Washburn #56 Kevin Appier #27 Ramon Ortiz #36 Aaron Sele #34 John Lackey #41 Bullpen: Scott Schoeneweis #60 Mickey Calloway #51 Ben Weber #77 Matt Wise #32 Scot Shields #62 Francisco Rodriguez #57 and the Closer: Troy Percival #40

Why atomic mass of an atom is defined as relative atomic mass?

It is calculated as the ratio of the mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. In fact, the weighted average of the mass of an atom of an element - weighted according to its isotopic abundance.

How many numbers are in pi?

Pi eventually stops at 132 billion. Mathmaticians, James. F Feurgson and Dr. Ham Shulster recently founded this amazing discovery. They are told to win the nobel peace prize on 2011.

Ans. 2

The above answer is incorrect, for several good reasons.

  • It has been proved that pi is irrational, so the digits go on forever.
  • 132 billion contains only 12 decimal digits. Pi was calculated to eight million digits and published in a book around twenty years ago. The known digits in pi are now too many to fit in a book.
  • Nobody has been, or will be, told in 2010 that they have been selected for a Nobel Prize in 2011. The jury is nowhere near finishing the selection process, and the winners will be notified privately just hours before the news is released officially.
  • You can't get a Nobel Peace Prize for work in number theory.
  • There is no Nobel category for mathematics. The only mathematician ever to win a Nobel got it for work relating to Economics, which does have a category.
  • This 'discovery' is not just amazing; to the maths world it would be earth-shattering. All of us would have heard about it before now.

How many light years is 555 675 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Km?

Divide your number by 9,460,730,472,580.8 (the distance of a light year in Kilometres) and you'll have your answer !... Hint: the answer is between 55 and 60 light years.