Mining

Sand and gravel can be separated by simple screening - sifting through a screen that will allow the finer sand particles to pass through, while retaining the larger gravel particles on the screen.

Gold is formed independently from rocks so unlike iron or copper there is no 'ore' to extract it from. In general gold is acquired by finding nuggets in rocks. The gold is simply chipped off from the rock.

It is extremly difficult if not impossible to extract the small traces of gold that can be found in many rocks and as far as i am aware no commercial technique for acccquiring such gold.

This country is Namibia.

Other countries: Niger, South Africa, Malawi, Gabon

A diamond's fracture refers to a break or crack that occurs in the stone due to internal or external stress. Fractures can affect the diamond's appearance and value, so diamonds with fewer fractures are considered more valuable. Fractures can be filled or repaired to improve a diamond's clarity and appearance.

The main ways are thru traditional digs, somtimes in natural caves and sometimes by blasting. Then you mine the old-fashioned way with a pick-axe and look for a vein of sapphire-bearing rock, and pick away as directed by your supervising geologist and engineer. The other way is alluvial mining. Looking for bits of sapphire washed out of pits and hillsides. This is slow ,tedious, backbreaking work for independent miners. Since sapphires come in almost all colors, it requires a keen eye for color. Most sapphires in natural alluvial states can look like very dull bits of stone with little color. It's only fun if it's hobby hunting. Many people in underdevoloped countries do this to eke out a living . When you spend all good daylight stooping over looking at rocks in a stream , the novelty wears off pretty quickly. Some digs allow villagers to pick over the scrap piles for overlooked bits. Most large gem-quality sapphires are mined and tons of rock are moved for sometimes low yield of good quality rough.All sapphires are second only to diamonds on the Mohs scale of hardness at 81/2 to 9. They are beautiful and durable and will usually last longer than you when properly cared for. If you are interested in Geology and have a passion for treasure hunting,this may lead you to an exciting career path.

Tin is extracted from its ore through a process called smelting. The ore, typically cassiterite (tin dioxide), is heated with carbon in a furnace to create tin metal and carbon dioxide gas. The tin metal is then separated from impurities and cast into ingots for further processing.

Copper can be extracted from low-grade ore through a process called bioleaching, where microorganisms help break down the ore to release the copper. This method is more environmentally friendly and cost-effective compared to traditional methods like smelting. The extracted copper can then be further purified and processed into usable forms.

Mined gold is typically not 100% pure when first extracted. It is usually combined with other minerals and metals such as silver, copper, and iron. To obtain pure gold, miners need to refine the raw material through processes like smelting and purification.

Limestone is obtained through mining or quarrying. Large deposits of limestone can be found in many parts of the world and are typically extracted using heavy machinery and explosives. After extraction, the limestone is processed and crushed into various sizes for use in construction, agriculture, and other industries.

You are a stalactite. Stalactites are mineral formations that hang from the ceilings of caves and are formed by the slow dripping of mineral-rich water, usually over thousands of years. Since they are inside caves, they never see the sky.

Pyrite is a mineral known as "fool's gold" due to its gold-like appearance. It is composed of iron and sulfur, with the chemical formula FeS2. Pyrite can be found in a variety of environments, including sedimentary rocks and hydrothermal veins.

Iowa has a variety of minerals, including gypsum, limestone, coal, and clay. Other minerals found in Iowa include limestone, basalt, calcite, and dolomite. Iowa also has some deposits of lead and zinc.

Cadmium is typically found in zinc ores like sphalerite. It can also be found in small amounts in lead and copper ores. Cadmium is released into the environment through human activities like metal smelting and coal combustion.

Sandstone and limestone are commonly considered as reservoir rocks for hydrocarbons. These rocks have high porosity and permeability, allowing them to hold and transmit oil and gas. Other sedimentary rocks like shale can also act as reservoirs under certain conditions.

The energy cost for mining copper can vary depending on factors such as the mining method used, the ore grade, and the location of the mine. On average, it is estimated that mining and processing one ton of copper ore can require between 10-100 gigajoules of energy. This energy is mainly used for blasting, crushing, grinding, and processing the ore into copper concentrate.

A stone must be cut, shaped, and polished to prepare it for use in jewelry. This process involves cutting the rough stone into the desired shape, grinding and sanding to smooth the surface, and polishing to enhance its appearance. Finally, the stone can be set into jewelry pieces like rings, earrings, or necklaces.

Some ways to minimize the negative effects of mining include implementing proper waste disposal and reclamation practices, using technologies to reduce air and water pollution, conducting environmental impact assessments before mining operations begin, and involving local communities in decision-making processes to ensure sustainable mining practices.

It is a mixture of an Iron compound and a rock substrate.

Iron ores are usually rich in Iron Oxides (a compound) and minerals. Since the iron is not chemiically bonded to the mineral substrate it is a mixture.

when you collect the lead batteries in bulk the empty the acid in one big drum keep it aside and the very carefully detach all components and the wash 6 times the electrodes and the plates in running water
place these all in a furnace with a temp setting of 786*c all the lead with the papers and the other material will be cleared of the impurities pour the lead in the casts of making them in shape of electrodes and the do the electrolysis in silver nitrate solution with the anode as the silver file and cathode as the one we made .
the solution should be so diluted as to facilitate the electrolysis .
the all the silver will be deposited and we can easily extract viable quantity of the silver and the pure lead to recycle for making the battery or other lead products .
the casing of the lead battery can be sold to the plastic wanderers who can recycle them
a very profitable and viable project
if you want to know the catalyst required to enhance the process then pl contact me at the e-mail rakesh_gupta128@redfiffmail.com at very nominal price.

Ruby is a red transparent precious gem stone found in minerals like corundum Al2O3 with small amount of Cr2O3 (crominum oxide) found in tropical regions in Myanmar, Africa,India and Sri Lanka. The most recently found ruby deposit in Myanmar is in Namya (Namyazeik), located in the northern state of Kachin. Rubies have historically been mined in Thailand, the Pailin and Samlout District of Cambodia, Burma, India, Afghanistan, Australia, Namibia, Colombia, Japan, Scotland, Brazil and in Pakistan.

Bauxite does not have a specific cleavage or fracture pattern because it is a mixture of various minerals, primarily aluminum hydroxides and iron oxides. It tends to fracture unevenly due to its composition and structure.

The blast furnace is used for extracting iron from its ore.

In summary,

A mixture called the charge( iron ore-haematite, limestone-calcium carbonate, and coke-pure carbon) containing the iron ore is added through the top of the furnace. Hot air is blasted in through the bottom. After a series of reactions, liquid iron collects at the bottom of the furnace.

Raw iron ore typically appears as a reddish-brown or black rock with a metallic luster. It may have a rough, irregular shape and can range in size from small pebbles to large boulders. The presence of iron in the ore gives it a distinct appearance that can be easily recognized.

The small crystals likely formed due to rapid cooling of the molten rock or solution from which the mineral precipitated. This rapid cooling did not allow enough time for the crystals to grow larger, resulting in the formation of small crystals.