Nervous System

There are several actions made by involuntary muscles such as the pumping of the heart, the expanding and contracting of blood vessels moving blood throughout the body and shivering which are involuntary muscle contractions that created thermal energy to heat up the body when its cold.
Digestion is one. Breathing is another.

The pia mater.

There are 3 layers of meninges: the pia mater adheres to the brain and spinal cord; the dura mater is next to the skull, and the arachnoid mater is in-between the two.

In the tissues C fibers or A-delta fibers carry pain within nerves to the spinal cord.

In the spinal cord pain is carried up to the brain primarily via the spinothalamic tracts.

Cranial nerve 7 is also referred to as the facial nerve. It has both sensory and motor components. Its sensory portion is responsible for taste on the anterior two thirds of the tongue as well as sensation for a small patch of skin by the ear. Its motor component is responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression.

microglia

Phendimetrazine has a half life of about four hours. Usually, unless the person is quite obese, the drug will be out of the system within 24 hours.

brain drain conclution

The simplest type of nervous system response is a reflex loop, where the sensory input goes to the spinal chord (or brainstem, if it takes place in your neck) and from there the motor output is immediately returned. Only later the sensory input is transferred to and processed in the brain.

The cerebellum functions as a regulator of timing of movements. It integrates sensory perception and motor output. Many neural pathways link the cerebellum with the motor cortex - which sends information to the muscles causing them to move - and the spinocerebellar tract - which provides feed-back on the position of the body in space (proprioception). The cerebellum integrates these pathways, using the constant feed-back on body position to fine-tune motor movements. Studies of motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex and eyeblink conditioning demonstrate that the timing and amplitude of learnt movements are encoded by the cerebellum.

People have been telling me for years that exercise releases endorphins and hormones into the blood stream and would help my anger, anxiety, depression, etc. But me, I am stubborn I wouldn't do it, until today. The whole idea is to increase your heart rate and your breathing rate. This will cause the brain to release these feel good hormones into the blood stream. Give it a try. If you can do 10 sit ups without breathing hard, up it to 15. If you can walk around the block without breathing hard, go around twice. See how many times you have to bend from the waist and slap the floor as if it were someone you were mad at, before your heart rate increases and you feel better. Take it from someone who found out for themselves - exercise can cure just about anything that ails you and more importantly it empowers you! Good luck!

Alcohol affects the nervous system by slowing your reaction time down; like your nerves and brain cells won't get messages as fast as you would like them too. Also it could make your breathing slow if not stop it.

Yes it is true that graded potential can be called postsynaptic potentials. When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called generator potential.

Nerves are composed of nerve cells; the long connecting parts of the nerve cells are called axons. The biochemistry of nerve cells is similar to that of other cells, but they do have an insulating layer, the myelin sheath, which gives them a relatively high concentration of fat.

Cones help distinguish color. Rods help us with black and white.

Acetylcholine- it is widespread throughout the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and brain stem. Norepinephrine- it is located in the brain stem, particularly in the locus coeruleus of the midbrain; limbic system; some areas of the cerebral cortex. Dopamine- located in the substantia nigra of the midbrain; hypothalamus; is the principal neurotransmitter of the extrapyramidal system. Serotonin- Histamine ATP Andenosine GABA Glutamate Glycine Endorphines Tachykinins Somatostatin Nitic Oxide Acetylcholine- it is widespread throughout the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and brain stem. Norepinephrine- it is located in the brain stem, particularly in the locus coeruleus of the midbrain; limbic system; some areas of the cerebral cortex. Dopamine- located in the substantia nigra of the midbrain; hypothalamus; is the principal neurotransmitter of the extrapyramidal system. Serotonin- Histamine ATP Andenosine GABA Glutamate Glycine Endorphines Tachykinins Somatostatin Nitic Oxide

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves, all of which play a vital role in homeostasis.

For example : Thermoregulation, increase in body temperature.

In humans when the blood temperature is above average, receptors detect the heat. Nerve impulses pass information to the hyperthalmus (in the brain). The hyperthalmus activates effectors (eg, blood vessels , sweat glands, endocrine glands and skeletal muscles), thus lowering the temperature.

When a person is under stress, the hypothalamus signals the adrenal glands to release hormones, mainly cortisol, growth hormone, and norepinephrine. Cortisol is believed to affect the metabolic system causing faster heartbeat, quicker breathing and higher blood pressure and metabolism. Norepinephrine is believed to play a role in depression and hypertension. Blood vessels also expand while under stress, allowing blood to flow towards muscles. This keeps the muscles alert. Pupils are dilated, enhancing vision. Liver releases glucose, providing energy to the body. Sweating is evident as it serves to cool the body. These changes are the manifestations of an individual's stress response. This response allows the person to react quickly to stressful situations. Stress hormones increase in the body during any neuroendocrine reaction and they remain high for up to 72 hours. After 72 hours, hormones return to their normal levels. When the person is exposed to a stressful situation for prolonged amounts of time, the effects can have a wear and tear on the body. The neuroendocrine reactions are an adaptation that allowed humans to react when in danger. If a person was getting attacked, their energy should not be focused on digestion or metabolism. It should be used to survive. So, if the stressor is not removed, the person's body will be harming itself and not maintaining balance normally. One indication that a person has not recovered from a stressful situation is that they will get fatigue or illness. The body is not functioning normally and this can lead to weakened immune system and not getting enough sleep. Stress can also cause headaches, an upset stomach, and back pain. It can also make a person moody, tense, or depressed. Their relationships may suffer, and they may not do well at work or school. If these symptoms do not dissipate, one would assume that they have not recovered from the stressful situation.

Vertebral foramen are the spaces between adjacent vertebrae where the spinal nerves exit the spinal canal.

Usually the spinal chord has been damaged.

Sensory receptors in the skin (cutaneous receptors) are generally of the mechanoreceptor, nociceptor, and thermoreceptor types. Mechanoreceptors sense pressure (such as touch) and vibrations and for example include Meissner corpuscles, Merkel disks, Ruffini corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. Nociceptors sense pain caused by damage. Thermoreceptors convey feelings of heat or cold. Chemoreceptors that sense the presence of specific chemicals are sometimes present depending on location but are generally not found on exposed skin.

control; ur welcome i try my best to answer these questions! i don't mean to sound cocky but if i am, i am sorry.

Chorea, dystonia, myoclonus are various nervous tics.

by the skull and fluid surrounding the brain

hope it helped XD