Nervous System

Nerve impulses are far faster then responses to hormones. Nerve impulses involve the depolarization of neural membranes, which is as simple as the movement of sodium and potassium ions through channels. This is very very fast. The time this takes to happen is the time from when something touches you, such as your finger touching a keyboard to the time it takes you to feel that your finger is touching the keyboard. Another example of the speed of a nerve impulse is if you have ever accidentally touched a hot element on the stove, or a hot bowl and how fast your hand recoils. A nerve impulse must travel to the brain and back down again to tell your arm muscles to contract and move from the heat. This impulse is followed by a very brief period of non responsiveness but then the membrane repolarizes and the system can fire again. This whole process takes such a small time one could not measure it without special instruments

A hormonal response is slower and longer lasting. A signal must be sensed for a hormonal response, this could be anything from high or low sugar in the blood stream, to stress. Upon receiving this signal the hormone must be made. This is a time consuming event, as must hormones are proteins they must be transcribed and translated from DNA and appropriately processed in the hormone molecule. From here the hormone is transported into the bloodstream where it is distributed throughout, even though it may only act on certain areas, this is another time consuming process. For reference it takes the heart about 1 minute to completely circulate all the blood in the system, much longer then the fractions of seconds needed for nerve impulses. Once the hormones reaches its proper tissue it has its effect, which in most cases is a long and complex pathway, which can be turned on for a long period of time given that low concentrations of hormone can activate the pathway. Also another signal is also needed to counteract the effect of the pathway and turn it off. An example of this is adrenaline in a stressful situation, think back to a time where you nearly crashed your car, or went on a crazy ride at an amusement park, or something like that, the feeling of being on high afterwards is due to release of adrenaline also called epinephrine. The feeling does not occur instantly, but is still relatively fast and the feeling lasts well after the situation is over. Insulin in the blood stream is another hormonal response. When glucose is in high concentration in the blood insulin is secreted and travels through the bloodstream, it causes cells to have more glucose transporter at their surface so the high amount of glucose in the blood can move into cells and be used or stored. This is also a seemingly needlessly complex pathway involving at last 8 different reactions involving phosphorylation of proteins and lipid molecules, which certainly takes longer then the motion of ions through a channel.

It has been proposed that in patients with anxiety or mood disorders there are alterations in the functions of central neurotransmitters, including GABA, serotonin and noradrenaline.

Research in this area suggests that the primary dysfunction in anxiety disorders is a down-regulation of the brain inhibitory GABA and serotonin systems and an up-regulation of the brain pro-anxiety noradrenaline system, or some degree of involvement from each

A stomach ailment can be any type of medical condition of the stomach or digestive system, including indigestion, GERD, peptic ulcers, diverticulitis, and lactose intolerance. Some stomach ailments may be more serious problems like stomach cancer.

It goes through your neurons up to your brain

The Autonomic Nervous system is responsible for fight or flight.

Parasympathetic is the stimulator and the sympathetic is the one that calms. Many drugs mimic this system

Hope this helps

A RN in NJ

Source:

Taught Anatomy and Physiology to nursing students for over 2 years

my head

The central nervous system comprises the brain and the spinal cord. Both of these consist of nerve cells, called neurons, and supportive cells (e.g., astrocytes or Schwann cells).

1.ensure optimal nutritional support for your nervous system..

2.exercise your nervous system o a daily basis

A nerve is a bundle of individual neurons. There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the human body (about the same number of stars in our Milky Way galaxy), but there are only 214 nerves in the human body.

Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve

There are 12 cranial nerves, they are as followed;

(I) Olfactory

(II) Optic

(III) Oculomotor

(IV) Trochlear

(V) Trigeminal

(VI) Abducens

(VII) Facial

(VIII) Vestibulocochlear

(IX) Glossopharyngeal

(X) Vagus

(XI) Accessory

(XII) Hypoglossal

Demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Krabbe's Disease, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome involve degeneration of the myelin sheath. In these conditions, movement is limited to minimal as nerve conduction is reduced due to the loss of efficacy of the myelin.

The afferent nerves or sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system send messages to your brain.

3 jobs of the nervous system are:

1) activates the endocrine system and either relaxes or stresses the body

2) the brain sends a message to different body parts using the nervous system...the movement and all

3) sends sensation signal (pain,pressure warmth,cold) fromobject to brain

I hope this answered your question!!=)=)

A neural impulse is similar to an electrical signal in three ways:

1. there are electrical voltages involved in the movement of the neural impulse;

2. an electrical signal can convey information, as can a neural impulse;

3. an electrical signal can cause an action, like a car starter switch starting the engine, and a neural impulse can cause a muscle to contract to move a limb.

(note that with respect to the voltages involved in the neural impulse, the voltages are created by the movement of chemicals, charged particles called ions, somewhat similar to how batteries produce voltages.)

(also note that the neural impulse is the signal which moves along the axon, as an action potential.)

Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and muscle.

Reflex nerve pathway is a monosynaptic transmission. There are no interneurons involved. Only the limb that carries the afferent nerve impulse from the stimulus and the efferent motor function for the reflex involved. That is why it is faster. Normal nerve transmission require an interpretation of the impulse by the brain whereas reflex pathways do not. Another reason is because most reflexes from the exteroreceptors travel along myelinated axons (white matter) which carry the impulse faster than other neurons that have unmyelinated axons (grey matter).

The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe is the amount of brain tissue that corresponds to a function of a particular body part.

the answer i found was the foot. sorry if i am wrong.
Another place to consider is the fold of the arm. If you have someone touch your arm while you are looking and then have them without you looking touch several places on your are it is difficult to know when they return to the exact place they originally touched. You do have nerves in your arms but the endings are few.

Trigeminal. I took 28 hours in anatomy....

The Brain but also the Heart This is why a heart can continue to beat even after it is cut out of the body. Tachycardia sufferers have a problem with the heart beating extremely rapidly. this can now be treated by lazering the part of the heart that causes the excessive heart rate

The sinoatrial node (S-A node) or pacemaker

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system will do both plus many other things. It prepares the body for what is called the 'fight or flight' response. The body will try to get rid of anything that may slow you down. That includes the urge to urinate and defecate and even empty the stomach by throwing up. Your heart and blood pressure will increase and you will begin to sweat. You may have had this happen with a very scary event at one time or another.

Beta blockers are a class of drugs that target the beta receptor. Beta receptors are found on cells of the heart muscles, smooth muscles, airways, arteries, kidneys, and other tissues that are part of the sympathetic nervous system. These blockers interfere with the binding of epinephrine to the beta site and weaken the effects of stress hormones. They slow down the heart rate and are used for high blood pressure, mostly.

Color, texture, scent, sound, and taste are some types of information that you get through your senses. You could probably also say intuition, depending on how you define your senses.