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Operating Systems
Operating systems, both proprietary and open-source, include those produced by Microsoft, Linux, and Apple Mac
4,423 Questions
Cost-effective responsiveness of the supply chain
What is a horizontal bar below the title bar of a window?
menue bar ^^ Its not called that its called the task bar!
How does an operating system facilitate users?
The operating system connects to your PC hardware and executes user programs also known as software. Thus the operating system facilitates users.
What provides a foundation upon which to run several application software at the same time?
operating system (OS)
Difference between distributed system and multiprocessor system?
The difference between distributed system and multiprocessor system is whether the processing units in the system share the main memory. If yes, then the system is multiprocessor system; otherwise, it's a distributed system.
How is protection implemented in memory for multiprogramming?
In multiprogramming, memory protection is implemented using mechanisms such as segmentation and paging. These techniques ensure that each process operates within its own allocated memory space, preventing it from accessing or modifying the memory of other processes. The operating system uses a memory management unit (MMU) to translate logical addresses to physical addresses, enforcing access controls. Additionally, hardware features like privilege levels and access control bits enhance security by restricting operations based on the executing process's permissions.
caching
What are the different types of booting?
They are of two types:
- Single-Boot is the act of installing only one operating system on a computer and it being able to boot automatically when the computer starts.
- Multi-Boot is the act of installing multiple operating systems on a computer, and being able to choose which one to boot when the computer starts.
In addition, there are several type of booting divided by the source (i.e. location) of the boot code:
- Non-volatile storage boot - by far the most common, the boot code resides in some sort of fixed storage media internal to the machine. EEPROMs and hard disks are by far the most common source for fixed storage, though NVRAM (non-volatile RAM) in the form of NAND (flash) memory is becoming increasingly popular. However, it can apply to any fixed-media device, including tape drives, punch cards, and other antiquated devices.
- Network boot - common in many server systems and with larger-scale deployments of managed node systems, the system obtains the necessary boot code instructions as a reply to a request broadcast via its network connection. That is, to boot, the computer sends out a request for boot instructions via its network card, and waits for a reply (with the relevant boot information) from a specially-configured server attached to the same network.
- Manual boot - a relic of the start of the computer industry. Certain ancient computers required a human to manually toggle in boot instructions (in binary) via a series of switches on the front of the computer. This method of booting was obsoleted as soon as the first practical permanent storage systems was developed, and will only be seen on computers from the 1940s and very, very early 1950s.
Finally, there are two different methods by which a boot can be initiated:
A "Hard Boot" (also known as a "Cold Boot") consists of power cycling the entire system; that is, terminating power to every component, the powering up again from scratch. This is most commonly associated with a manyal step, typically by pushing a power cycle button (often just call the Power Button, and typically a large red button). Hard booting forces all components to completely de-power and clears all the state of the entire system. In more advanced machines, a Hard Boot can take up to several hours, as it usually involves significant self-diagnosis tests run by each component.
A "Soft Boot" (also known as "Warm Boot") consists of exiting the currently running OS, and returning control to the hardware supervisor (on a PC, the BIOS), which then re-initiates the OS boot, without forcing hardware components to clear state or de-power. By skipping all the hardware self-diagnosis and state clearing, significant time can be saved. Soft Boots are usually initiated by the Operating System itself - for example, on many modern PCs with Windows 7, the "reboot" option presented in the Windows Menu is really a "Soft Reboot". Certain hardware (for instance, Macs and many UNIX workstations) will have the physical red Power Button initiated a OS Soft Reboot, rather than a Hardware Hard Boot, if they are pressed. These systems will initiate a Hard Boot if the Power Button is held down for several seconds.
Also, note that "booting" is not a single event. It really is called "bootstrapping", and refers to a long series of events, where a chain of programs load sequentially. The boot process begins with a very, very, very simple program that resides in the BIOS (or equivalent) code on the mainboard, which is justsmart enough to load itself, then hand execution to another program in some specific location. A similar chain of events happens in the next program and the next, until something finally is smart enough to start the operating system kernel itself.
The above answers and references to the kernel are from Linux/UNIX users (I am one myself), but there is also "Safe Mode" in the MS Windows Operating System which loads without many of the drivers assuming that the failure of your last boot is due to a driver issue.
Actually, nothing in the first two answers is specific to ANY operating system. ALL operating systems have a kernel, and the process of booting is the same on all modern hardware, from microprocessor-run OSes ones like Windows, Linux and UNIX, to minicomputer-based VMS, to mainframe z/OS, to even hypervisors like VMWare, Xen, or z/VM.
"Booting" is simply the process for bringing a computing system "alive" - that is, from a non-running state (usually, powered off) to the point where an Operating System now has control.
What are the three types of devices manged by operating system explain virtual dedicated sharing?
types of devices in operating system
Find your answer bwhahahaha
What is the difference between mainframe Operating system and PC Operating system?
The basic difference is that @ mainframe platform u can run more than one OS at a time on same machine but this feature not available at PC OS. Mainframe OS are targeted to handle hundreds of users at a time whereas PC OS is targeted for a single user.
The only major difference is that a mainframe operating system will probably need to service many users at the same time, whereas a PC operating system normally only has to worry about one user at a time.
There are some differences between personal computer OS and mainframe OS, one of them a mainframe OS can be used by many users at the same time so it must need to service for many users. However a personal computer operating system designed for one user normally.second of them a mainframe OS is more powerful and expensive than PC OS. Mainframe OS designed to huge process from many users and it means, it manages lots of I/O for many users, but in PC OS there is just one user to log in it means, it does not manages lots of I/O for one user. Mainframe OS offers three kinds of service batch, transaction processing and timesharing. Personal computer OS used for some basic processing like word processing, spreadsheets and Internet access that PC OS is supports multiprogramming.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of existing system?
"...advantages and disadvantages of existing system"
Main disadvantage? If all you are doing is existing, you really need to get a life!
Main advantage? If you are merely existing, you are physically alive, which usually means you have a chance to get a life.
Three situations that might demand a real-time operating system?
there are:
• bookings (any)
• games
• control process (any)
• safety critical systems
• any other suitable example
Operating system as a extended machine?
Problems: 1. The computer has a complex stracture (CPU and other diffrent components). 2. small set of primitive commands (changing from one computer to another..)
The operating system is answering these problems by adding a new abstarction layer (it's actually hidding non important or primitive elements).
Consider whether the operating system should applications such as web browers and mail program?
Considering an operating system running applications such as webrowsers and mail programs will be a security threat to the computer system, as we all know, information, files and database coming from the internet or the outer source of the computer is an unauthorized to the operating system because of some of the absences of the author, who wrote it? Where did it came from? The OS has no clue about that, and it will result for the intrusion of the unwanted programs in the system which can damage file on the computer, it can be a reason why OS don't have applications already installed to the system up until now. It's up to the user whether he will install web browsers and mailprograms in the system manually without the OS commanding on it.
Algorithm for drawing circle in context of computer graphics?
Bresham's Mid point circle drawing algorithm.
Characteristics of single user operating systems?
A single user operating system is usually restricted to only allowing one user at a time log in and use the system. These types of systems are optimized for a personal desktop experience, not for multiple users of the system at the same time.
What are 5 best stickers app for whatsapp messenger?
I'm big fan of using whatsapp stickers and love to share with my friends and make a colorful chat with frineds and groups, below listed out best stickers apps which i like more,
Romantic Love Stickers App for Whatsapp - WAStickerApps
Aivatar - Stickers for Whatsapp
Football & Cricket Stickers for Whatsapp
Emoji Stickers for Whatsapp
Sticker Maker
Hope useful for you :)
Thankyou
server
Which type of fragmentation is reduced by compaction?
External fragmentation is reduced by compaction. Compaction moves memory around until it is all placed together in one big block.
