Particle Physics

Valence electrons play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties of an element because they are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. The number of valence electrons dictates how likely an atom is to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell, which is a stable configuration. This determines how an element will interact with other elements in chemical reactions.

The family of 'noble' (= inert) gasses in group (column) 18 of the periodic table. Their valence shell is completely filled up with s2 and p6 electrons.

Iridium's atomic number, and therefore its number of protons, is 77. Thus, to be electrically neutral, it must also have 77 electrons. Filling in the first 77 orbitals gives the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d7.

Protons are represented by the atomic number of an element. The number of protons is also the number of electrons. The number of protons is also represented in re Atomic Mass, which is the number of protons and the number of neutrons combined.

answ2. Protons and neutrons are all.

These may be divided into further parts, but that is beyond the question.

In a neutral atom, the number of protons (or the number of electrons) are the same as the atomic number.

The flow of electricity, which is a current of electrons, or simply electron flow, creates a magnetic field around its path of travel. This is a fundamental property of charged particles. Magnetic fields are always present in the vicinity of moving charges, and moving charges always create magnetic fields. One of the four fundamental forces we know in nature is the electromagnetic force. And this is probably one of the best examples of the inseparability of current flow and a magnetic field.

An atom's atomic number gives its number of protons. Tungsten's atomic number is 74. Thus, it has 74 protons per atom.

Even light can be made to slow down by making it go through a certain (dense?) mediums. So, yes.

-edit : Light doesn't slow down, the speed of light is a constant. What is observed is the increase in time for absorption and re-emittance of the photon (light) which causes the apparent slow down. As for electrons, yes I believe they can be slowed down with interactions.

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If the question deals with electrons in orbit around an atom, then the answer is NO. Not by themselves.

Energy is in fact lost in chunks, called quanta. In the macroscopic world, however, these chunks are so small that when energy appears to be lost or gained continuously when in fact it is changing in immeasurably small increments. So, a satellite in orbit loses quanta and gradually slows down.

At the atomic level, however, energy behaves very differently. Individual quanta are significant at this scale. An electron cannot keep continually slowing down, if it loses even one quanta it is a relatively huge change. So, at that scale the electrons do not slow down autonomously. However, they can be slowed down by interactions

Not exactly. It is true that NAD is formed during electron transport chain, however, it's not a direct product. NADH is an electron carrier that dumps its electron to the electron transport chain, which oxidizes it into NAD. NAD then goes back to become reduced by glycolysis or citric acid cycle.

The ultimate electron acceptor in photosynthesis is NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). It is reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and carries electrons to the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation.

Electrons are found in specific energy levels or shells around an atom's nucleus. These energy levels are designated by the quantum number n (e.g., n=1, n=2, n=3). Electrons can move between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting specific amounts of energy.

Chlorine's atomic number is 17. Thus, neutral chlorine has 17 protons and 17 electrons. Its total configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5, so its valence configuration is 3s2 3p5.

Neutrons are not completely stable because they can undergo beta decay, where a neutron decays into a proton, electron, and antineutrino. The decay of a neutron has a half-life of around 15 minutes when it is outside a nucleus.

Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom. There are four blocks in the periodic table: S, P, D, F. Block S is groups 1 and 2. Block P is groups 13-18. Block D is groups 3-12. And block F is the lanthanides and actinides. There are several exceptions, for example He is considered part of S block even though it is over group 18. Here are some examples:

He - 1S2

Al - 1S22S22P1

Ni - 1S22S22P63S23P64D8

Shorthand form uses the noble gases (group 18). Whatever element you are using, go to the closest noble gas. For example:

Ca - [Ar] 4S2

Electrons are found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom in specific energy levels or orbitals. They are negatively charged subatomic particles that contribute to the overall charge and behavior of the atom.

nuclei of a different element due to the change in the number of protons. This process is known as nuclear transmutation.

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

It depends what electronic state it's found in, but in it's ground state (natural form) it has two electrons in the first shell, eight in the second and none in the third. This is because it has an atomic number of 10. 2+8 = 10.

a double molecule. If you have the same number of protons, it is obviously the same element. You would just have one more molecule of that element. It could make is something like:

02 or 03

Yes, but isn't there a scientific term for a double molecule?

-there are bonds...covalent bonds. this is the chemical bond between the element. it can be a double bond, triple... there are also ionic bonds (but those are different). so in this case it would be a double covalent bond or a triple covalent bond.

Chemical bonds are what form molecules from constituent atoms. When atoms share electrons the type of inter-molecular attraction is called a covalent bond.

The atomic number of iron is 26 whereas the mass number of it is 56. Therefore it has 26 electrons and 30 neutrons (56-26).

J.J. Thomson is credited with identifying cathode rays as streams of negatively charged subatomic particles, which were later named electrons. His experiments with cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the electron and contributed to the development of the atomic theory.