Particle Physics

Iron's atomic number is 26. Thus it has 26 protons and 26 electrons. The electronic configuration for the first 26 electrons, and so therefore iron, is Fe 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6.

The shorthand electron configuration is Fe [Ar] 4s2 3d6.

The strong nuclear force is the fundamental force that holds the nucleus together by overcoming the electromagnetic force that causes protons to repel each other. This force acts over very short distances within the nucleus and is responsible for binding protons and neutrons together to form the atomic nucleus.

Covalent bonding. It can be two types - polar covalent or nonpolar covalent. In polar covalent bonding, atoms do not share electrons equally. In nonpolar covalent bonding, atoms share electrons equally.

The element with 5 protons and 4 electrons is boron (B). This means that it has a net positive charge of +1, since there is one more proton than electron.

particle whose dimensions is less then that of atom are said to be subatomic particle . they may be charged or uncharged .eg neutron is uncharged subatomic particle where as electron ,proton , positron are charged subatomic particle.

Quarks are subatomic particles that break and combine to form other particles through the strong force, which is mediated by gluons. Quarks are held together by this force to form protons and neutrons, which are the building blocks of atomic nuclei.

The chemical element, Radon, has an atomic number of 86, meaning it has 86 protons. Were there an isotope of Radon that had 136 neutrons, it would be labeled as 222Rn. Well, it turns out that this isotope does exist and has a half-life of 3.82 days.

The second electron shell can hold up to 8 electrons. This shell has 2 sublevels: 2s and 2p, each with a maximum capacity of 2 and 6 electrons, respectively.

Short Answer:

The human body (and most other objects) is (are) normally neutral and that means the number of protons is very nearly equal to the number of protons. There will be a few more electron or a few less at any given time based on interactions of the body (or object) with its enviroment, but unless there is a specific process that adds or subtracts a substantial number of electron, the body (the object) will be almost neutral. While it is true that the body is a complex system of electrolytes with positive and negative ions, they balance and the body is still nearly neutral.

Another Answer:

In all neutral atoms, the number of protons and electrons are equal. When atoms form compounds, they transfer electrons to and from one another, but the total amount of electrons remains the same. If you _did_ have many more protons or electrons, your body would become electrically charged (negatively for an excess of electrons, and positively for an excess of protons). This is indeed what happens when you run your feet through a rug and get a static charge, making your hair stand up and causing you to spark on a doorknob. But normally, the amount of protons and electrons are the same.

In the electron transport chain Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Also the Oxygen accepts 2 Hydrogen ions, making water in the process. The dissapearance of Oxygen shows that the electron transport chain is working and that Oxygen is doing its job.

The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport system of respiration is oxygen. Oxygen receives the electrons and combines with protons to form water during the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.

There are different electron configurations for gold because gold is a transition metal.

The standard (noble gas) electron configuration is : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1

The electron configuration for gold, or Au begins with the base state of [Xe]. The outer shell is then 6s1 4f14 5d10.

Einsteinium has the atomic number of 99. Thus, it has 99 protons and, to keep it neutral, 99 electrons. Filling in the first 99 electron orbitals gives us the electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f11.

The external level of electrons in actinium has 2 electrons; but actinium is trivalent.

Magnesium's atomic number is 12. Therefore, it has 12 protons and 12 electrons. Filling in the first 12 atomic orbitals gives us the configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2.

An atom with 31 electrons will have the electron configuration of [Ar] 4s^2 3d^10 4p^1, representing the filling of the electron orbitals up to the 4th energy level. The element with 31 electrons is gallium (Ga), which has 31 protons in its nucleus to balance the electrons.

The two most recognizable types of electron tubes are vacuum tubes and cathode ray tubes. Vacuum tubes are electronic devices that control electrical signals, while cathode ray tubes are used in older television and computer monitors to display images.

Nitrogen's atomic number is 7. That means that it has 7 positively charged protons in the nucleus. To be neutral, nitrogen must then also have 7 negatively charged electrons in its electron cloud.

No, neutrons have a neutral charge and electrons have a negative charge. Protons have a positive charge.

No, an atom of chlorine with 20 protons would not be chlorine-37. Chlorine-37 has 17 protons and 20 neutrons, totaling 37 particles in its nucleus. The number of electrons in a neutral chlorine-37 atom would be 17, not 20.

The rules that electrons must follow when populating energy levels are governed by 4 quantum numbers. These numbers, and their relationships to each other, can be derived through the use of quantum mechanics, but that is beyond the scope of this answer. Instead, I'll list the numbers and their corresponding rules and then explicitly show why the second energy level can only have 8 electrons.

The quantum numbers are:

n, where n ≥ 1,

l, where n - 1 ≥ l ≥ 0,

ml, where l ≥ ml ≥ -l, and

ms, where ms = ±½.

n corresponds to the energy level of an atom, thus n = 2 corresponds to the second energy level.

For n = 2:

2 - 1 ≥ l ≥ 0 = 1 ≥ l ≥ 0, so l can be only 0 or 1.

For l = 0:

0 ≥ ml ≥ -0 = 0 ≥ ml ≥ 0, so ml = 0.

For l = 1:

1 ≥ ml ≥ -1, so ml can be -1, 0, or 1.

So far, then, we have 4 unique sets of quantum numbers, which I'll list below using the format n, l, ml.

2, 0, 0,

2, 1, -1,

2, 1, 0,

2, 1, 1.

The final step is to add the quantum number ms, which can be either ½ or -½, to each of those 4 sets of numbers above. This quantum number corresponds to the fact that electrons can have an intrinsic spin value of ±½. This now gives us the 8 unique sets of quantum numbers, corresponding to the 8 possible states that an electron can occupy in an atom's second energy level, that we were looking for. I'll list them below.

2, 0, 0, ½,

2, 0, 0, -½,

2, 1, -1, ½,

2, 1, -1, -½,

2, 1, 0, ½,

2, 1, 0, -½,

2, 1, 1, ½,

2, 1, 1, -½.

Protons are converted into neutrons during positron emission to satisfy certain conservation laws, like charge and baryon number.

The following reaction takes place during positron emission:

p+ --> n + e+ + ve, where p+ is a proton, n is a neutron, e+ is a positron (antielectron), and ve is an electron neutrino.

Charge is +1 on both sides of the reaction, and so is conserved.

Baryonic number is 1 on both sides of the reaction (both the p+ and the n have baryonic numbers of 1), and so is conserved.

Also, lepton number is 0 on both sides of the reaction (e+ has a lepton number of -1 while ve has one of +1, thus adding up to zero), and so is conserved.

The supply of electrons in photosynthesis comes from water molecules. This process, known as photolysis, occurs in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Water molecules are broken down into oxygen, protons, and electrons, with the electrons being used to replenish the electrons lost in the photosystem II reaction center.