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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Even light can be made to slow down by making it go through a certain (dense?) mediums. So, yes.
-edit : Light doesn't slow down, the speed of light is a constant. What is observed is the increase in time for absorption and re-emittance of the photon (light) which causes the apparent slow down. As for electrons, yes I believe they can be slowed down with interactions.
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If the question deals with electrons in orbit around an atom, then the answer is NO. Not by themselves.
Energy is in fact lost in chunks, called quanta. In the macroscopic world, however, these chunks are so small that when energy appears to be lost or gained continuously when in fact it is changing in immeasurably small increments. So, a satellite in orbit loses quanta and gradually slows down.
At the atomic level, however, energy behaves very differently. Individual quanta are significant at this scale. An electron cannot keep continually slowing down, if it loses even one quanta it is a relatively huge change. So, at that scale the electrons do not slow down autonomously. However, they can be slowed down by interactions
Not exactly. It is true that NAD is formed during electron transport chain, however, it's not a direct product. NADH is an electron carrier that dumps its electron to the electron transport chain, which oxidizes it into NAD. NAD then goes back to become reduced by glycolysis or citric acid cycle.
What is the ultimate electron acceptor in photosynthesis?
The ultimate electron acceptor in photosynthesis is NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). It is reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and carries electrons to the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation.
Energy levels where the electrons are found?
Electrons are found in specific energy levels or shells around an atom's nucleus. These energy levels are designated by the quantum number n (e.g., n=1, n=2, n=3). Electrons can move between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting specific amounts of energy.
How many velance electron in Cl?
Chlorine's atomic number is 17. Thus, neutral chlorine has 17 protons and 17 electrons. Its total configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5, so its valence configuration is 3s2 3p5.
Neutrons are not completely stable because they can undergo beta decay, where a neutron decays into a proton, electron, and antineutrino. The decay of a neutron has a half-life of around 15 minutes when it is outside a nucleus.
Why does the shorthand form for electron configuration convey?
Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom. There are four blocks in the periodic table: S, P, D, F. Block S is groups 1 and 2. Block P is groups 13-18. Block D is groups 3-12. And block F is the lanthanides and actinides. There are several exceptions, for example He is considered part of S block even though it is over group 18. Here are some examples:
He - 1S2
Al - 1S22S22P1
Ni - 1S22S22P63S23P64D8
Shorthand form uses the noble gases (group 18). Whatever element you are using, go to the closest noble gas. For example:
Ca - [Ar] 4S2
Where can you find electrons in a atom?
Electrons are found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom in specific energy levels or orbitals. They are negatively charged subatomic particles that contribute to the overall charge and behavior of the atom.
nuclei of a different element due to the change in the number of protons. This process is known as nuclear transmutation.
What happens to an ion that gains an electron?
Its oxidation state decreases by 1
If its oxidation state was 0 before it gained the electron, the the new oxidation state becomes -1, and that ion is now called an anion
Which subatomic particle are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
How many electrons are in the first shell second shell and third shell of neon?
It depends what electronic state it's found in, but in it's ground state (natural form) it has two electrons in the first shell, eight in the second and none in the third. This is because it has an atomic number of 10. 2+8 = 10.
What do atoms with the same number of protons make?
a double molecule. If you have the same number of protons, it is obviously the same element. You would just have one more molecule of that element. It could make is something like:
02 or 03
Yes, but isn't there a scientific term for a double molecule?
-there are bonds...covalent bonds. this is the chemical bond between the element. it can be a double bond, triple... there are also ionic bonds (but those are different). so in this case it would be a double covalent bond or a triple covalent bond.
When electrons are shared the type of bonding is called?
Chemical bonds are what form molecules from constituent atoms. When atoms share electrons the type of inter-molecular attraction is called a covalent bond.
How many neutrons and electrons are in iron?
The atomic number of iron is 26 whereas the mass number of it is 56. Therefore it has 26 electrons and 30 neutrons (56-26).
Who identified cathode rays as subatomic particles?
J.J. Thomson is credited with identifying cathode rays as streams of negatively charged subatomic particles, which were later named electrons. His experiments with cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the electron and contributed to the development of the atomic theory.
How is it that the light reactions do not run out of electrons?
The light reactions of photosynthesis involve a continuous flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, which is replenished by splitting water molecules to release more electrons. This process ensures a constant supply of electrons to keep the reactions running.
Negatively charge subatomic particle?
The electron, the negatively charged particle in an atom, is located in the electron cloud, as opposed to the proton and neutron, located in the nucleus.
How many electron dose CBr4 have?
Carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) contains a total of 36 electrons. Each carbon atom contributes 4 electrons, while each bromine atom contributes 7 electrons. There are 4 bromine atoms in CBr4, totaling 28 electrons, along with the 8 electrons contributed by the 2 carbon atoms.
What is the sulfer's electron configuration?
The electron configuration of sulfur is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4. This means sulfur has 16 electrons arranged in different energy levels and sublevels within its electron cloud.
What is mostly between electrons?
In an atom, the space between electrons and the nucleus is mostly filled with empty space. The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, and the electrons surround the nucleus in different energy levels or electron shells.
How many veilance electrons does radium have?
Radium is a group 2 element. All group 2 elements have 2 valence electrons. Thus, radium has 2 valence electrons.
How many electrons go on the fourth ring of the electron cloud in an atom?
The maximum number of electrons that can be found in the fourth energy level (ring) of an electron cloud is 32. This level can hold a total of 32 electrons in various sublevels, such as s, p, d, and f orbitals.
Why mass and energy curve the space and time?
Mass and energy curve space and time according to Einstein's theory of general relativity. Einstein's theory rests on the basis that the speed of light is the same for every observer and that inertial and gravitating masses are the same. Ultimately this is thus also the reason why mass and energy curve the structure of spacetime.
Later it was understood that general relativity is (one of) the consequences of a Universe having so-called local Lorentz invariance. The details are a bit technical but basically this is saying that the laws of physics are the same everywhere in space and time.
You might ask, well, why does the Universe have local Lorentz invariance?
In that case, I am afraid, I do not know the answer, perhaps that in the future physics will offer us a deeper insight to the nature of reality.
