Particle Physics

nuclei of a different element due to the change in the number of protons. This process is known as nuclear transmutation.

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

It depends what electronic state it's found in, but in it's ground state (natural form) it has two electrons in the first shell, eight in the second and none in the third. This is because it has an atomic number of 10. 2+8 = 10.

a double molecule. If you have the same number of protons, it is obviously the same element. You would just have one more molecule of that element. It could make is something like:

02 or 03

Yes, but isn't there a scientific term for a double molecule?

-there are bonds...covalent bonds. this is the chemical bond between the element. it can be a double bond, triple... there are also ionic bonds (but those are different). so in this case it would be a double covalent bond or a triple covalent bond.

Chemical bonds are what form molecules from constituent atoms. When atoms share electrons the type of inter-molecular attraction is called a covalent bond.

The atomic number of iron is 26 whereas the mass number of it is 56. Therefore it has 26 electrons and 30 neutrons (56-26).

J.J. Thomson is credited with identifying cathode rays as streams of negatively charged subatomic particles, which were later named electrons. His experiments with cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the electron and contributed to the development of the atomic theory.

The light reactions of photosynthesis involve a continuous flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, which is replenished by splitting water molecules to release more electrons. This process ensures a constant supply of electrons to keep the reactions running.

The electron, the negatively charged particle in an atom, is located in the electron cloud, as opposed to the proton and neutron, located in the nucleus.

Carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) contains a total of 36 electrons. Each carbon atom contributes 4 electrons, while each bromine atom contributes 7 electrons. There are 4 bromine atoms in CBr4, totaling 28 electrons, along with the 8 electrons contributed by the 2 carbon atoms.

The electron configuration of sulfur is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4. This means sulfur has 16 electrons arranged in different energy levels and sublevels within its electron cloud.

In an atom, the space between electrons and the nucleus is mostly filled with empty space. The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, and the electrons surround the nucleus in different energy levels or electron shells.

Radium is a group 2 element. All group 2 elements have 2 valence electrons. Thus, radium has 2 valence electrons.

The maximum number of electrons that can be found in the fourth energy level (ring) of an electron cloud is 32. This level can hold a total of 32 electrons in various sublevels, such as s, p, d, and f orbitals.

79 protons

118 neutrons

76 electrons

Mass and energy curve space and time according to Einstein's theory of general relativity. Einstein's theory rests on the basis that the speed of light is the same for every observer and that inertial and gravitating masses are the same. Ultimately this is thus also the reason why mass and energy curve the structure of spacetime.

Later it was understood that general relativity is (one of) the consequences of a Universe having so-called local Lorentz invariance. The details are a bit technical but basically this is saying that the laws of physics are the same everywhere in space and time.

You might ask, well, why does the Universe have local Lorentz invariance?

In that case, I am afraid, I do not know the answer, perhaps that in the future physics will offer us a deeper insight to the nature of reality.

When an electron is removed from an atom, it is considered to be ionized. This results in the formation of a positively charged ion known as a cation, while the atom itself becomes positively charged.

The number of neutrons in an iron atom can vary depending on the isotope of iron. For the most common isotope, iron-56, there are 30 neutrons.

Protons! All protons are positively charged.

The electron is considered a fundamental particle because it has no internal structure or substructure. On the other hand, the proton is composed of smaller particles called quarks (two up quarks and one down quark) bound together by the strong nuclear force. This internal structure of the proton categorizes it as a composite particle rather than fundamental.

Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, essentially a helium-4 nucleus. This structure gives them a positive charge and relatively high momentum, making them a form of ionizing radiation.

Photons behave more like a wave when they exhibit phenomena such as interference and diffraction, which are characteristics of wave behavior. This is evident in experiments like the double-slit experiment where photons create an interference pattern when passed through two slits.

No, iodine typically gains electrons to form the iodide ion in a chemical change. This is due to iodine's tendency to exhibit an oxidation state of -1.