Particle Physics

The neutron is the subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons play a key role in determining the stability and properties of an atomic nucleus.

In most countries, it is legal to own a neutron source as long as it is for legitimate use in research, medical, or industrial applications. However, it is essential to obtain proper authorization and adhere to strict regulations to ensure safety and security measures are in place. Consulting with relevant authorities and seeking the necessary permits is crucial before acquiring a neutron source.

The transition from one energy level to an adjacent energy level is the least energetic for an electron. This is because the energy difference between the closely spaced energy levels is smaller compared to transitions between energy levels that are further apart.

The proton.

Usually the number of protons and electrons are the same (in a neutral atom), but if the atom is an ion and has a charge, then the numbers will be different (and the difference will be the ion's charge, positive or negative depending on which number is higher.)

There can be isotopes of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons.

But as long an atom has 12 protons, even if it has 500 neutrons and elections (no, that won't happen), it's always still a carbon atom.

The type of a element is determined by the number of protons it carries. The element which have to protons is helium. An instance of the element with more electrons than protons, which makes it negatively charged, is called a anion or a negative ion. However, helium is one of, what are called, inert gases. The number of electrons in an inert gas is at the most stable number. It is quite hard to add or extract electrons from an inert gas. So without sounding absolute, He(-) is quite hard to come by.

A bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms is called a covalent bond. In a covalent bond, two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This type of bonding is common in molecules and allows atoms to achieve a full outer shell of electrons.

Protons are made up of Subatomic Particles, in this case a Proton Atom is made up of two Up quarks, and one Down quark. The mass of an Up Quark is 2.4 MeV/c2 and the mass of a Down quark is 4.8 MeV/c2. Electrons are still in the Subatomic Particle Table, an Electron is a type of Lepton. An Electron's mass 0.511 MeV/c2 which is a lot less than a Proton, even less than a Up quark itself (the lightest quark). In most cases when talking about Atoms and their mass Electrons don't normally have an effect on their mass, only the Neutrons and Protons in the Atom.

This should answer the Question.

When a hydroxide ion accepts a proton, it forms a water molecule. This is an example of a neutralization reaction, where an acid (donates a proton) reacts with a base (accepts a proton) to form water and a salt.

Materials that permit electron flow are called conductors. Metals such as copper, aluminum, and gold are good conductors of electricity due to their free-moving electrons. This allows for the efficient flow of electrons through the material.

Cobalt (Co) has 7 electrons in its 3d subshell.

At times the electrons involved in bonding are shared equally between the nuclei of two atoms and the bond is called a pure covalent bond. More often, however, the sharing is unequal and the electrons spend more time around the nucleus

In classical physics, every atom has something perceived as "substance" - the perception of solidity due to the way atoms react to one another.

In quantum physics, it's understood that atoms never, ever touch one another. In fact, energy is so vastly tiny that, except under extreme circumstances (singularities, or black holes, for instance), packets of energy never interact with one another directly. Interactions are conducted by things called "force carriers", like photons.

The nature of how particles interact to appear as "solid" brought forth mathematical equations in quantum mechanics that specify a particle or force carrier that causes atoms to behave in this manner.

In reference to how the universe appears to have been created for a purpose (whether to explore itself or otherwise), the particle, predicted in 1964, was dubbed the "God particle", and was also termed the "Higgs boson" or "Higgs particle". It is theorized to be involved in every atomic interaction, but has yet to be found or proven to exist.

At the moment, massive experiments like the LHC use the collision of particles to cause extreme amounts of energy to be ejected. Particles formed by these collisions are measured - or rather, the results of the collisions are measured. Then the measurements are compared with the math predicting the existences of particles.

Both sodium (Na) and cesium (Cs) are alkali metals in Group 1 of the periodic table.

They both have one valence electron in the outermost shell.

However, between the two, cesium has 3 more energy levels than sodium (sodium is in row 3, cesium is in row 6).

Hydrogen only has one proton. A Hydrogen-3 atom contains one proton and 2 nuetrons. This is because atoms of a certain element can vary in the amount of nuetrons. The're called isotopes.

Protons and neutrons are roughly 1800 times heavier then electrons.

First: Atomic mass if the weighted average of the naturally occuring isotopes of an element. So the averge is un likely to be a whole number.

Second: Atomic mass of an isotope is NOT the sum of the protons and neutrons, thats the mass number. A proton's or a neutron's mass is not exactly 1. Electrons do have mass. So even though one isotope of oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, the atomic mass is not 16.

Static electricity in your body is caused by the build-up of an imbalance of electric charge. This can happen when you walk on carpets or rub certain materials, causing electrons to be transferred and create a charge imbalance. When you touch an object, such as a metal doorknob, the excess charge can transfer and create a mild shock.

Electrons are the subatomic particles found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons are the subatomic particles that have a negative charge.

protons --- rel. mass 1 amu, rel. charge +1, location in the nucleus.

neutrons --- rel. mass 1 amu, rel. charge 0, location in the nucleus.

electrons --- rel. mass 0 amu, rel. charge -1, location outside the nucleus.

Several can. Perhaps you meant to ask which has 20 protons, in which case the answer is calcium. (Calcium is also one of the elements that can have 20 neutrons, but it's not the only one.)

If you put an electric charge of known magnitude near the object, then it will either be attracted to the charge or repelled away from the charge. They will have the same charge if repulsion is observed or different charges if attraction is observed.

Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons for imaging instead of light. The electrons are produced by an electron gun and accelerated through an electromagnetic field to create the necessary energy for imaging samples with extremely high resolution.

A proton gradient is established with an electron transport chain, where energy from electrons is donated from an high-energy source (such as food) to provide intracellular enzymes the energy to pump protons across an impermeable membrane in order to form a region with a high concentration of protons.

Hope this helps! :)