Particle Physics

A neutron is a neutral subatomic particle found within the nucleus of an atom. It has no electric charge but contributes to the mass of the atom. Neutrons help stabilize the nucleus by balancing the repulsive forces between positively charged protons.

Electrons have a negative charge.

Anti-Protons can be synthesized in certain cases, and also have a negative charge, although they would not be part of normal matter.

There is none. To study particle physics you use the whole machinery of quantum physics, but written down in a different way. That means particle physicists use the formalism of quantum field theory, which is a more powerful way of doing quantum mechanics, it's just more useful in this context.

Force of gravity

Protons (+1 charge) and electrons (-1 charge) are the subatomic particles that determine the charge of an atom. Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. The number of protons in an atom determines its overall positive charge, while the number of electrons determines its overall negative charge.

When the number of electrons and neutrons are the same, it means that the number of protons will also be the same amount. For example a nitrogen atom has 7 electrons and 7 neutrons, this means that the number of protons will also be 7.

For an electron cloud model, the analogy would be the propeller blades on a plane.

A hydrogen atom typically consists of one proton and one electron. Neutrons are not normally found in the most common form of hydrogen, known as protium. However, in other isotopes of hydrogen, such as deuterium and tritium, neutrons can also be present.

To make the atom equal you get another atom that has the amount you need to make 8 on the Bohr model, for instance Mg (Magnesium) and O (oxygen) Mg has two electrons on the outer shell/ring and oxygen has 6 electrons, to make it equal you would either add two Mg to O or you could add six O to Mg, then it would be written like

Mg ^2+ + O^2- --> MgO

Electrons

An element with 22 neutrons could be titanium. Titanium has an atomic number of 22, which means it has 22 protons in its nucleus. Since the number of neutrons is the difference between the atomic mass and the atomic number, an isotope of titanium with 22 neutrons would have a mass number of 44 (22 protons + 22 neutrons).

If we know the number of protons, then any other information we don't need. The number of protons defines which element an atom is. If the number changes, then the type of element changes along with it. The number of protons is the same as the atomic number, so if you can locate a periodic table, you would see that element number 7 is nitrogen. If we wanted to be specific to the isotope, we could also say that it is 14N, with the 14 representing the mass number - the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.

When there are too many electrons, an object can become negatively charged. This excess of electrons can cause repulsion between objects with the same charge, or attract objects with a positive charge. In extreme cases, such as lightning, the excess electrons can result in the discharge of electrical energy.

They orbit around the nucleas of an atom, except in hydrogen atoms, which does not contain electrons at all.

protons, neutrons, electrons.

protons, neutrons, electrons.

protons, neutrons, electrons.

protons, neutrons, electrons.

The Higgs boson was first discovered on July 4, 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland. The discovery was a significant milestone in particle physics and confirmed the existence of the Higgs field, which gives particles mass.

The number of neutrons is entirely dependent on the Mass number of the particular atom. The standard mass for potassium is 39.

Potassium is element number 19, so it has 19 protons and 19 electrons in the neutral atom. It has therefore 39-19 = 20 Neutrons.

The electron domain of CH2O is three. This is because there are three regions around the central carbon atom where electrons are found: one from the double bond to oxygen and two from the carbon-hydrogen single bonds.

Seeing objects that don't reflect light is tricky business. And black holes are as mysterious as a target can be. Not even light can escape them. This is a pretty tricky problem for scientists, whose instruments usually rely on light-- whether it's visible light, radio waves, X-rays or infrared-- to observe objects in space.

One method to see black holes has been to watch the fate of an object falling into one of these cosmic graves. If material actually falls into a black hole, it gets shredded apart and it heats up. As it heats up, it starts emitting light and this radiation we can observe. In particular, we can often see X-rays coming from black holes. When gas orbits around a black hole it tends to get very hot because of friction. It starts emitting X-rays and radio waves. So a lot of times black holes can be found and studied by looking for bright sources of X-rays and radio waves in the sky.

These X-rays do not get through the Earth's atmosphere and can only be seen with telescopes positioned in space, such as the Hubble telescope.

The strong gravitational attraction of a black hole affects the motion of nearby objects. When astronomers see a star circling around something, but they cannot see what that something is, they may suspect it is a black hole. Astronomers can even figure the mass of a black hole by measuring the mass of the star and its speed. The same kind of calculation can be done with black holes at the center of many galaxies, including our own galaxy, the Milky Way. In fact, at the very center of our galaxy, radio and X-ray telescopes have detected a powerful source called 'Sagittarius A', identified as this massive black hole.

Electron - Positive - Outside the Nucleous

Protons - Neutral - Center the Atom

Neutrons - Negitive - Center the Atom

all particles in particle physics are divided into two sub groups

the hadrons and leptons

the difference between them being that

baryons interact by strong force

leptons interact by weak force

the hadron group can be further subdivided into two more groups

the mesons and baryons

muons are part of the lepton group

Faraday's experiment with electrolysis provided clues about the existence of electrons. He observed that when an electric current passed through an electrolyte solution, elements were deposited at the electrodes in specific ratios, indicating the presence of fundamental particles carrying electric charge.

The atom is the smallest part of matter that represents a particular element. For quite a while, the atom was thought to be the smallest part of matter that could exist. But in the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th, scientists discovered that atoms are composed of certain subatomic particles and that, no matter what the element, the same subatomic particles make up the atom. The number of the various subatomic particles is the only thing that varies. Scientists now recognize that there are many subatomic particles (this really makes physicists salivate). But in order to be successful in chemistry, you really only need to be concerned with the three major subatomic particles: Protons Neutrons Electrons

The product is an isotope of Silicon,

15P30 ----> 14Si30 + e+