Phoenicia

At first they sailed around coastlines, then worked ot how to use the polar star to keep their bearings when away from land.

There's one thing the whole world, not just the Mediterranean, should thank the Phoencians for, and that's the alphabet. Latin (that's the one we use), Greek, Hebrew, Russian or Cyrillic, Arabic and Runic are all children of their letter system.

Aleph - it is also the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, which is drawn on its side as an ox head with horns. It is also the first letter of our alphabet, which we copied from them.

They chose trade over conquest to give themselves prosperity.

Phoenicia was an ancient Semitic civilization situated on the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent and centered on the coastline of modern Lebanon and Tartus Governorate in Syria.

Throughout the Mediterranean, and as far afield as the Canary Islands and Cornwall.

Phoenician is an alphabet which forms syllables and words. Cuneiform is syllabic.

They were the first to develop alphabet-based writing, much simpler than the writing systems developed so far.

The Mediterranean littoral, Canary Islands, Azores.

The Greeks and Romans modified it for their own use, and passed those alphabets down to us today.

An alphabet which is the basis of modern alphabets.

The Phoenicians were a Semitic people that built a sea trading civilization in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. By trading overseas, they developed colonies all over the Mediterranean Sea. They built a powerful commercial empire in North Africa called Carthage.

Carthage in Africa and New Carthage in Iberia. There were also trading stations spread around the Mediterranean Sea

Alexander the Great.

Actually there is a big confusion on this subject. The Original Egyptians are not Arabians. However, a group of the Arabians (Ishmailites) are maternally Egyptian, atleast in the legendary biblical account. The Mesopotamian original natives (Sumerians and Hurrians) were Non-Arabian river people also and spoke a non Arabian (Semitic) language. The Arabian originated Mesopotamians are the Akkadians (Assyrians and Babylonians) those are Arabians who came from Arabia and built the Mesopotamian Akkadian, Assyrian and NeoBabylonian civilizations. Another group is the Western Arabians (Amorites) Amorite means western in old Arabian this group branched into the Old Babylonians, the Phoenicians and Arameans.

The letter in the Phonecian alphabet were the base upon which the Greek alphabet was built. From the greek alphabet, the roman alphabet was formed. The ancient roman alphabet are the letters used in Latin, and all of the Romance languages (English, Frensh, Spanish, Italian, ect.)

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They had rights as citizens of their city-state.

Ethnic groups of what/where - specify so we can give you an answer.

Carthage in North Africa.

The kings and councils of each of the independent cities.

Most likely papyrus or tablets. Mud tablets were great because when something went up in flames, the records weren't destroyed. Instead, they turned to brick allowing for them to be kept until broken.

food

The coastal strip on the Levant back to the mountains, and in the port city of Carthage and its adjacent plain..

Not that I know of. A Phoenician is/was a citizen of Phoenicia. They were naval pioneers, but it was a whole country and culture.