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Popes
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and is leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The Pope is also head of state of the Vatican City, a sovereign city-state entirely enclaved by Rome.
2,799 Questions
Why did Michelangelo write a hostile poem about the pope?
Because Michelangelo preferred sculpting, but Pope Julius forced him to paint.
When is Jean Nicolet's birthday?
He was born on 1 November 1642, ca. 1598. He is known for the discovery of Green Bay of Lake Michigan.
Did Pope Leo X excommunicate Martin Luther?
While Luther did have some legitimate complaints which the pope refused to address, he was also teaching a number of things that were considered heretical by the Church. When he refused to recant these teachings, the pope excommunicated him.
Pope Alexander VII was born on February 13, 1599 and died on May 22, 1667. Pope Alexander VII would have been 68 years old at the time of death or 416 years old today.
How did Pope Leo X punish Martin Luther?
Like a good Father, Pope Leo X attempted to reason with Martin Luther, and even offered him safe conduct to Rome so that they could meet personally, and discuss Luther's "issues". All attempts at reconciliation and even friendly gestures from Luther's superiors, of which the pope was the highest on earth, were, not just rebuffed, but actually belittled by M. Luther, which is just beyond comprehension.
At the links below you will find two Papal Bulls by Pope Leo X, the first, Exsurge
Domine
is the Bull he issued condemning the errors of Martin Luther on 15 June 1520; the second, Decet
Romanum
Pontificem
is the Bull of Excommunication of Martin Luther and all his followers issued on 3 January 1521.
Did popes own their own homes?
There is nothing to prevent a pope from owning a home before he is elected. However, unless that home is in the Vatican, he will have to abandon it when he becomes pope and move to the Vatican, the traditional home of the popes.
Who was the pope at the time when Constantine was emperor?
During the reign of Constantine I (the Great, 306-337) the popes were: Marcellus I (308-309), Eusebius (309-310) Miltiades (311-314), Sylvester I (314-335), Mark (330), and Julius I (337-352).
Between 304 and 308 there was an interregnum, a period where there was not a pope.
Who was the powerful medieval pope in 1198-1216?
This covers a 1000 years of history so there were many.
- St. Sixtus III (432-40)
- St. Leo I (the Great) (440-61)
- St. Hilarius (461-68)
- St. Simplicius (468-83)
- St. Felix III (II) (483-92)
- St. Gelasius I (492-96)
- Anastasius II (496-98)
- St. Symmachus (498-514) Opposed by Laurentius, antipope (498-501)
- St. Hormisdas (514-23)
- St. John I (523-26)
- St. Felix IV (III) (526-30)
- Boniface II (530-32) Opposed by Dioscorus, antipope (530)
- John II (533-35)
- St. Agapetus I (535-36) Also called Agapitus I
- St. Silverius (536-37)
- Vigilius (537-55)
- Pelagius I (556-61)
- John III (561-74)
- Benedict I (575-79)
- Pelagius II (579-90)
- St. Gregory I (the Great) (590-604)
- Sabinian (604-606)
- Boniface III (607)
- St. Boniface IV (608-15)
- St. Deusdedit (Adeodatus I) (615-18)
- Boniface V (619-25)
- Honorius I (625-38)
- Severinus (640)
- John IV (640-42)
- Theodore I (642-49)
- St. Martin I (649-55)
- St. Eugene I (655-57)
- St. Vitalian (657-72)
- Adeodatus (II) (672-76)
- Donus (676-78)
- St. Agatho (678-81)
- St. Leo II (682-83)
- St. Benedict II (684-85)
- John V (685-86)
- Conon (686-87)
- St. Sergius I (687-701) Opposed by Theodore and Paschal, antipopes (687)
- John VI (701-05)
- John VII (705-07)
- Sisinnius (708)
- Constantine (708-15)
- St. Gregory II (715-31)
- St. Gregory III (731-41)
- St. Zachary (741-52)
- Stephen II (752) Because he died before being consecrated, many authoritative lists omit him
- Stephen III (752-57)
- St. Paul I (757-67)
- Stephen IV (767-72) Opposed by Constantine II (767) and Philip (768), antipopes (767)
- Adrian I (772-95)
- St. Leo III (795-816)
- Stephen V (816-17)
- St. Paschal I (817-24)
- Eugene II (824-27)
- Valentine (827)
- Gregory IV (827-44)
- Sergius II (844-47) Opposed by John, antipope (855)
- St. Leo IV (847-55)
- Benedict III (855-58) Opposed by Anastasius, antipope (855)
- St. Nicholas I (the Great) (858-67)
- Adrian II (867-72)
- John VIII (872-82)
- Marinus I (882-84)
- St. Adrian III (884-85)
- Stephen VI (885-91)
- Formosus (891-96)
- Boniface VI (896)
- Stephen VII (896-97)
- Romanus (897)
- Theodore II (897)
- John IX (898-900)
- Benedict IV (900-03)
- Leo V (903) Opposed by Christopher, antipope (903-904)
- Sergius III (904-11)
- Anastasius III (911-13)
- Lando (913-14)
- John X (914-28)
- Leo VI (928)
- Stephen VIII (929-31)
- John XI (931-35)
- Leo VII (936-39)
- Stephen IX (939-42)
- Marinus II (942-46)
- Agapetus II (946-55)
- John XII (955-63)
- Leo VIII (963-64)
- Benedict V (964)
- John XIII (965-72)
- Benedict VI (973-74)
- Benedict VII (974-83) Benedict and John XIV were opposed by Boniface VII, antipope (974; 984-985)
- John XIV (983-84)
- John XV (985-96)
- Gregory V (996-99) Opposed by John XVI, antipope (997-998)
- Sylvester II (999-1003)
- John XVII (1003)
- John XVIII (1003-09)
- Sergius IV (1009-12)
- Benedict VIII (1012-24) Opposed by Gregory, antipope (1012)
- John XIX (1024-32)
- Benedict IX (1032-45) He appears on this list three separate times, because he was twice deposed and restored
- Sylvester III (1045) Considered by some to be an antipope
- Benedict IX (1045)
- Gregory VI (1045-46)
- Clement II (1046-47)
- Benedict IX (1047-48)
- Damasus II (1048)
- St. Leo IX (1049-54)
- Victor II (1055-57)
- Stephen X (1057-58)
- Nicholas II (1058-61) Opposed by Benedict X, antipope (1058)
- Alexander II (1061-73) Opposed by Honorius II, antipope (1061-1072)
- St. Gregory VII (1073-85) Gregory and the following three popes were opposed by Guibert ("Clement III"), antipope (1080-1100)
- Blessed Victor III (1086-87)
- Blessed Urban II (1088-99)
- Paschal II (1099-1118) Opposed by Theodoric (1100), Aleric (1102) and Maginulf ("Sylvester IV", 1105-1111), antipopes (1100)
- Gelasius II (1118-19) Opposed by Burdin ("Gregory VIII"), antipope (1118)
- Callistus II (1119-24)
- Honorius II (1124-30) Opposed by Celestine II, antipope (1124)
- Innocent II (1130-43) Opposed by Anacletus II (1130-1138) and Gregory Conti ("Victor IV") (1138), antipopes (1138)
- Celestine II (1143-44)
- Lucius II (1144-45)
- Blessed Eugene III (1145-53)
- Anastasius IV (1153-54)
- Adrian IV (1154-59)
- Alexander III (1159-81) Opposed by Octavius ("Victor IV") (1159-1164), Pascal III (1165-1168), Callistus III (1168-1177) and Innocent III (1178-1180), antipopes
- Lucius III (1181-85)
- Urban III (1185-87)
- Gregory VIII (1187)
- Clement III (1187-91)
- Celestine III (1191-98)
- Innocent III (1198-1216)
- Honorius III (1216-27)
- Gregory IX (1227-41)
- Celestine IV (1241)
- Innocent IV (1243-54)
- Alexander IV (1254-61)
- Urban IV (1261-64)
- Clement IV (1265-68)
- Blessed Gregory X (1271-76)
- Blessed Innocent V (1276)
- Adrian V (1276)
- John XXI (1276-77)
- Nicholas III (1277-80)
- Martin IV (1281-85)
- Honorius IV (1285-87)
- Nicholas IV (1288-92)
- St. Celestine V (1294)
- Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
- Blessed Benedict XI (1303-04)
- Clement V (1305-14)
- John XXII (1316-34) Opposed by Nicholas V, antipope (1328-1330)
- Benedict XII (1334-42)
- Clement VI (1342-52)
- Innocent VI (1352-62)
- Blessed Urban V (1362-70)
- Gregory XI (1370-78)
- Urban VI (1378-89) Opposed by Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII"), antipope (1378-1394)
- Boniface IX (1389-1404) Opposed by Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII") (1378-1394), Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), antipopes
- Innocent VII (1404-06) Opposed by Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), antipopes
- Gregory XII (1406-15) Opposed by Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417), Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), and Pietro Philarghi ("Alexander V") (1409-1410), antipopes
- Martin V (1417-31)
- Eugene IV (1431-47) Opposed by Amadeus of Savoy ("Felix V"), antipope (1439-1449)
- Nicholas V (1447-55)
- Callistus III (1455-58)
- Pius II (1458-64)
- Paul II (1464-71)
- Sixtus IV (1471-84)
- Innocent VIII (1484-92)
- Alexander VI (1492-1503)
How was Pope Leo X important to the Reformation?
He is known primarily for the sale of indulgences to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica, which angered many Christians, especially Calvin and Luther who decided to reform the church.
Who was the pope that declared Luther a heritic?
Pope Leo X, who was pope from March 9, 1513, to December 1, 1521, excommunicated Luther.
Why was the pope an important christian leader?
belive it or not, popes were very important. When war went on, the pope would take a huge metal bat called a vecat and wack his oponets withit. however their weren't many popes because it was a dangourus job. the pope couldn't wear armor because it would slow himself (always a boy) down. Even the vecat was hollow to make it lighter but it could still easily split skulls and disarm oponents.
The Treaty of Tordesillas, which was the name for this Papal Agreement adjudicating the borders of the world that Spain and Portugal could colonize effectively prevented war between the two states.
At the time, the size of the South American continent was not completely known, and though the Spanish came off better in the total extent of territory, Portugal got the largest single piece of the pie--Brazil. Today Brazil is by far the largest Portuguese-speaking country in the world.
Who did the pope crown king of Rome in 800?
The pope crowned Charlemagne as King of the Holy Roman Empire in the year 800
Who was Roman emperor when the apostle Peter was executed?
A second-century tradition was that Peter was beheaded on the orders of the Emperor Nero, while a later tradition was that Peter was crucified upside down. However, it is good to ignore many such legends that arise without any eidence to support them. We have no reason to believe that Paul was executed, whether by beheading or crucifixion.
Why did Pope Gregory and Henry IV fight?
henry iv wanted to use lay vesture which was appointing someone as a bishop of abbot the pope didnt like this so he treatne to excommunicate him and eventaully did they basicaly faught over power.
The power struggle between popes and kings?
In the past, such as the Middle Ages, the pope had immense power. This was because nearly everyone went to church back then (namely the Catholic church, which the pope belongs to), thereby giving the pope extreme power. (Hence the common corruption/misuse of power when it came to the popes-- though that is a matter of opinion.) Due to being at the head of such power, the pope acted as someone of, well, power. However, they weren't supposed to be the head of the power. The king(s) was. And so a power struggle is what ensued, with the Church (pope) wanting or possessing power that, by law, belonged to the king. And, of course, the pope held power over the church people, complicating the problem. This power struggle shows what it means to have a separation between church and state, and to have a lack of one. An example of this power struggle is with Pope Leo III and Charlemagne. Read about it at the link below. Remember to read Part II to get the whole picture.
What was the punishment for defying the pope?
A:
At different times, the pope had different levels of temporal power. If he was able to raise an army, he could fight and depose the ruler seeking to defy him. Or he could call on allies for the same purpose. Mere individuals who defied the pope could be arrested and tried on some charge, to dispose of the problem. The more ruthless popes would simply have their opponents murdered, without any pretence of justice. At other times, the pope would simply excommunicate his opponent, which sometimes brought the opponent into line, sometimes not.
When the papacy only had weak temporal powers, he would do the bidding of the Holy Roman Emperor or other dominant ruler at the time. During these periods, it was not so much a case of any ruler defying the pope, but of any ruler willing to defy the dominant ruler in Europe at the time.
What similarities did Pope Urban and Pope Saladin have in their speech?
Saladin was not a pope. Saladin led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, his sultanate included Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, Yemen and other parts of North Africa. Under Saladin's personal leadership, the Ayyubid army defeated the Crusaders at the decisive Battle of Hattin in 1187,
How long did it take to build a church in the 12th century?
60 years
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The time of construction varied. In the North, churches were being built of wood, and these could be built in a summer. In poor parishes of much of western Europe, there were still churches being built of wattle and daub on timber frames, and these could be built very quickly. A stone church typically took a number of years, and when we read the histories of the churches, we might find that 60 years was indeed the time that passed between breaking ground and the installation of the bell in the belfry, but typically, the church was in use for most of that time.
What was the subject of the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and the Henry IV?
pope Gregory VII wanted to change the rules about the religion. Henry IV got angry and thought he can fire pope Gregory VII. Henry got excommunicated from the church. years past, he came back and begged for forgiveness and was back in the church society.
