Protozoa

Protozoa use cilia and flagella for locomotion. Cilia are short, hair-like structures that beat in a coordinated fashion to move the protozoa. Flagella are longer and move in a whip-like motion to propel the organism. Both ciliary and flagellar locomotion involve the movement of microtubules within the structures, generating force and direction for the organism to move.

When the protozoa were catagorised into 4 groups according to movement they were -

Mastigophora (Flagellates) move by means of flagella.They are free living and eat by surrounging food particles with pseudopodia and engulfing them

Sarcodina- (Amoeboids) move by extending pseudopdia which allow them to glide across surfaces.They are free living and engulf food in pseudopodia

Sporozoa- non-motile (though may produce motile gamete stages) live as intracellular parasites

Ciliophora (Ciliates) move by beating many short filaments (cilia) which cover their surface . They are free living, most have a "cytostome" (digestive groove) down which food may be directed. At the bottom of the groove the food becames engulfed in a digestive vacuole.

N.B. the division of protozoa according to locomotion is no longer thought to represent the actual evolutionary relationships of the organisms

Protozoa can evade the host immune system by changing their surface antigens to avoid detection and destruction. Some protozoa can also reside within host cells to escape immune detection, or they can suppress the host's immune response by secreting immunomodulatory molecules. Additionally, some protozoa can cause chronic infections by altering their replication rate to avoid being completely eradicated by the immune system.

Algae are photosynthetic organisms that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, while protozoa are single-celled organisms that typically feed on organic matter. Algae are usually green, brown, or red in color, while protozoa can vary in shape and size. Additionally, algae have a cell wall, while protozoa do not.

Paramecium whiskers are short, hair-like structures called cilia that cover the outer surface of a paramecium. They beat in a coordinated manner to help the paramecium move through its aquatic environment and also aid in feeding by creating water currents to bring food particles towards the organism.

Amoebas respond to stimuli through a process called chemotaxis, where they move towards or away from chemical signals in their environment. When an amoeba encounters a food source, it extends pseudopods towards it, engulfs the food through phagocytosis, and then digests it internally. Additionally, amoebas can sense changes in temperature, light intensity, and pH levels in their surroundings to navigate and survive.

Plasmodium falciparum causes severe malaria because it is able to infect a high proportion of red blood cells, leading to significant damage to vital organs such as the brain and kidneys. Additionally, P. falciparum can evade the host immune system by varying the surface proteins on infected red blood cells, making it difficult for the body to mount an effective immune response. Furthermore, P. falciparum is able to sequester in deep tissues, causing complications such as cerebral malaria.

protozoa are eukaryotes so quite big, however fungi have very long hyphae so a big volume but small diameter

Examples of protozoa include amoebas, paramecium, and Plasmodium (which causes malaria). These single-celled organisms are important components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and can vary widely in size, shape, and behavior.

Volvox is a photosynthetic organism, a spherical alga that lives in various freshwater habitats. They live in colonies and contain chlorophyll. They are important to their environment because they are primary producers that can convert energy from the sun into organic nutrients and molecules. They also produce dissolved oxygen.

Euglena is called a biological puzzle because it exhibits characteristics of both plants and animals. It can photosynthesize like plants using chloroplasts but can also feed on organic matter like animals. This unique mix of traits blurs the traditional distinction between plants and animals, making Euglena a fascinating organism to study.

No. All cells do a function called mitosis. They split themselves in half to reproduce. Some animal cells go into meiosis. This means they split themselves in 4, doubling reproduction.

Amoebas are classified as protists, belonging to the kingdom Protista. They are single-celled organisms that move and feed by using pseudopods, which are temporary projections of their cytoplasm.

protozoans are tiny,single celld organism. they are very small and it can be only seen trhough a microscope.

poriferans are the simplest of the many celled animals their bodies are made up of hollow tubes with pores or openings on the side

Protozoans and algae belong to the kindgom Protista. Algae are plant-like, and protozoa are animal-lie. There are two plural forms of protozoan: protozoa and protozoans.

amoeba is a single-celled animal that catches food and moves about by extending fingerlike projections of protoplasm

Flagellates.

Antiprotozoal drugs such as metronidazole and chloroquine are commonly used to treat various protozoan infections like malaria, giardiasis, and amoebiasis. These drugs work by targeting specific pathways or structures unique to protozoa, effectively killing the parasites and treating the infection.

When a marine protozoan is transferred to a fresh water medium, it may experience osmotic stress due to differences in salt concentrations. This can disrupt its internal balance of water and salts, leading to potential cell damage or death. Additionally, the change in environment could impact its ability to obtain nutrients and interact with other organisms that are specific to marine habitats.

The macronucleus in Paramecium is responsible for controlling the cell's gene expression and metabolism. It plays a crucial role in regulating cellular functions such as growth, reproduction, and response to the environment. The macronucleus contains multiple copies of the genome and undergoes fragmentation and amplification during cell division.

Round worms are heterotrophic, obtaining their nutrition by feeding on organic matter in their environment. Plasmodium is a parasitic protist that obtains its nutrition by feeding on the blood of its host organism.

The pathogenic protozoan that causes malaria, Plasmodium, is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. When an infected mosquito bites a person, it injects Plasmodium parasites into their bloodstream, where they then travel to the liver and red blood cells to multiply and cause infection.

Paramecium is propelled by hair-like structures called cilia. These cilia beat in a coordinated manner to push the paramecium through its aquatic environment.

Plasmodium gets into mosquitoes when they feed on the blood of a human or animal infected with the parasite. The parasite enters the mosquito's digestive system and moves to its salivary glands, where it can be passed on to another host during a subsequent blood meal.