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Pulmonary Health
Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back again. Ask questions about how to maintain a healthy heart here.
589 Questions
Human Parainfluenza virus (hPIV) is a single-stranded RNA influenza virus of the influenza virus types called paramyxoviridae. It is a very common cause of upper respiratory infections and other respiratory tract diseases in infants and young children.
It gets passed from person to person through direct contact with an infected person or their respiratory droplets in the air or on surfaces from coughs or sneezes, just like any cold or flu virus. It is a much smaller virion (virus particle) than most common seasonal influenza viruses, measuring 150 - 200 nanometers in size compared to around 300 nanometers for some of the other common influenza viruses, and, therefore, is able to stay airborne on respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes for up to an hour. Most influenza viruses fall out of the air on the droplets soon after the sneeze or cough within a 6 foot diameter of the source. The virus can stay active on surfaces for a few hours.
The incubation period from exposure to symptoms ranges from 2 to 7 days.
Adults can have repeated infections throughout life with symptoms of an upper respiratory illness or infection (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis, etc.) especially in the elderly or immunocompromised.
The total number of cases per year is unknown, since often the symptoms mimic a common cold with runny nose and cough, and, therefore, the virus is not officially reported or identified by medical professionals in a large percentage of the cases. The estimates of the prevalence of paraflu viral infections are very high as evidenced by studies showing that 75 - 100% of children age 5 and older have antibodies for this type of flu which were developed by exposure to this very common infectious pathogen (some lucky infants also received antibodies originally in their mothers' milk from her exposure).
Paraflu is easily prevented with normal flu prevention habits, such as avoiding crowds, staying a safe distance (approximately 6 foot distance) from others during the peak season (which for most of the serotypes of hPIV is in the fall). Always avoid touching your nose, mouth or eyes before washing your hands properly to help prevent all the various infectious pathogens present on your hands from being introduced to your system. Your hands always carry germs picked up in the environment. Parents and others should wash their hands before handling neonates, especially during flu seasons. Paraflu is easily inactivated by soap and water, so frequent and proper hand washing is very important (see related questions below for the proper method).
There is no vaccine to prevent it, but, as mentioned above, breast fed infants can receive the important antibodies for two of the very common serotypes of hPIV (Types 1 & 2) from their mothers in breast milk (increasing the importance of breast feeding newborns when at all possible, even if for only short periods and in small amounts). Vaccine development is being pursued, but not yet accomplished.
The hPIV can cause serious complications at times. In infants, some of the common complications are croup, bronchiolitis, secondary bacterial infections and pneumonia, and some may lead to airway obstructions. Avoiding early infant outside day care when possible can also help by delaying exposure to other infected children until the babies are older with more mature immune systems to be able to fight the infection better.
There are four serotypes and 2 subtypes of the virus, and they have different patterns of outbreaks in different seasons. They are Types 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the subtypes are called Types 4a and 4b. hPIV-1 outbreaks are most prevalent every other year (in the US it is the odd years), with smaller numbers of infections in the opposite years. Outbreaks of hPIV-2 can also be biennial, or they can be annual. It (hPIV-2) manifests most often as croup in the fall. In reverse, the hPIV-3 influenza is most common in the spring and early summer. The pattern of infection by hPIV-4 and its subtypes is unknown so far, but the CDC is actively studying reported cases to learn more.
See the related questions below for more information.
Why a rat have pulmonary circuit?
They have lungs like humans so they have the same sort of blood vessels we do.
Is it common to have chest pain every now and then after suffering a pulmonary embolism?
Yes, or at least my doctor told me it was. I get some pain every now and then when I breathe. At first I thought I had another embolism, but when I got a chest x-ray there wasn't one. My doctor said it was just the scar tissue in my lung, and my lung attempting to repair itself. Everyone is different though, if you are worried about the pain go to your doctor and get a chest x-ray.
What causes bibasilar atelectasis?
Mild bibasilar atelectasis is a condition where part or the entire lung collapses. It is due to an obstruction or blockage that results in the prevention of the respiratory exchange of dioxide and oxygen.
What is the normal oxygen saturation of the left ventricle?
Deoxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation and cardiac perfusion is dumped into the the left atria, which brings down the oxygen saturation to about 97%. This is referred to as physiological shunting.
What are the top rated hospitals for Pulmonology?
According to the US News and World Report rankings, here are the top 10 Adult Pulmonology hospitals:
- Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN)
- National Jewish Health, Denver-University of Colorado Hospital (Aurora, CO)
- Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, OH)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA)
- Duke University Hospital (Durham, NC)
- Hospitals of the University of Pennsylvania-Penn Presbyterian (Philadelphia, PA)
- UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside (Pittsburgh, PA)
- New York-Presbyterian University Hospital of Columbia and Cornell (New York, NY)
- UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles, CA)
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital/Washington University (Saint Louis, MO)
What are clavamel forte tablets for?
Clavamel Forte is used to treat bacterial infections in the sinuses, ears, bladder and chest. It belongs to a group of antibiotics called penicillins. It basically kills bacteria that causes infections in the body!
Where did the name emphysema come from?
The term "emphysema" is derived from the Greek ἐμφυσᾶν emphysan meaning "inflate" - itself composed of ἐν en, meaning "in", and φυσᾶν physan, meaning "breath, blast".
After the sperm is produced they are stored in a tube on the outer surfece of the testicles?
Yes, the sperm is stored in the tube of the urethra.
Can a respiratory therapist have tattoos?
Respiratory therapists can have tattoos. However, they have to follow certain rules in order to have them while in practice. They must use a tattoo concealer while at work.
What would happen to the saturation in oxygen when its hot?
I'm assuming you're referring to saturation of oxygen in the blood. If the temperature is increased, oxyhemoglobin curve is shifted to the right, meaning hemoglobin realeses oxygen more readily, thus increasing blood oxygen saturation.
What are symptoms of pulmonary embolism in cats?
sudden open mouth breathing
panting
agitation dilated pupils while still panting
struggling not to be held
Can chest tube Clogging lead to infection?
Chest tube clogging can lead to infection. The chest tube is there to remove fluid from around the lung. If the tube becomes clogged, the fluid builds up around the lung. This fluid can become infected, which is called an empyema. An empyema can require a major operation to remove the thick and infected material from around the lung. Chest tube are more frequently being left in for home care and the patient discharged from home. If the tube stops draining, it either means there is no more fluid to drain, or the tube is clogged. If the tube is clogged and the fluid accumulates, this is a set up for an infection related to a clogged tube.
Does green flem mean bacterial or viral infection?
A lot of people get confused on this subject. Green actually means your body has been fighting off whatever you had, and now it's coming to an end. If it's yellow, your body is still fighting. If it is clear then your sickness has just begun.
What foods cause a tongue to hurt?
It is possible that something about your bite needs a little adjusting. Get to your dentist. She/he may be able to file or drill down some surfaces so that they do not catch your tongue.
What is blood oxygen saturation?
Oxygen saturation or dissolved oxygen (DO) is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. Blood oxygen saturation level refers to the percentage of a person's red blood cells that are loaded or filled with oxygen. Oxygen is carried by the red blood cells to organs, such as the brain and the heart. If the blood oxygen level is too low, not enough oxygen is carried to the organs. Without an adequate blood oxygen level, the body cannot function normally.
How do you clean an nasal cannula?
For hygiene purposes I suggest you must request a new canula but if you really want to use your old canula you can always wash it with clean water and wipe with it to dry.
How Does drinking affect pulmonary embolism?
Alcohol is a mild blood thinner and a pulmonary embolism is a clot, so it would affect it positively. But if you are on blood thinning medication after suffering a pulmonary embolism, it is not wise to consume large amounts of alcohol because your blood can become too thin, or your medication doseage could change if you drink around when you get your Pro-Time (blood test that tells how thin your blood is) done.
Sound to me like it's either a piece of decomposing food that could have been lodged in your teeth or mouth, or it could have been mucus. Sometimes mucus that you normally blow out your nose can drip down your throat and then come out your mouth. Have you been sick or had tonsilitis recently, cous sometimes it can cause mucus chunks. If you feel unwell or have other serious illness consult your doctor but I think you're gonna be okay, that happened to me once and I'd had tonsilitis the week before. I coughed up a yucky chunk. Hope it helps some, if not then try googling some more.
What is oxygens normal pressure?
When determining the blood oxygen level, doctors look for levels in the normal range. A normal arterial blood oxygen level is generally between 75 and 100 mmHg.
What are the symptoms of pleurisy?
The usual and most universal symptom is very sudden intense and sharp pain in your chest upon taking a breath, especially a deep breath. The pain makes you take shallow breaths and that can add to the problem with lack of aeration of the lungs. It can hurt both upon taking a breath and when letting it out. Usually it stops hurting when you hold your breath. You may or may not have a fever. It often requires medication to treat, so an appointment with your health care professional would be prudent even if you have no other symptoms, and especially if you have a high fever. Common other symptoms include dry cough and shortness of breath.
Until you can see your medical professional, drink some extra fluids, this will help replenish the moisture and lubrication of the membranes around your lungs which may be reduced by inflammation from dehydration from a viral or bacterial infection. Increasing oral fluids rehydrates your body and allows the tissues to produce more normal levels of the lubricating fluids.
Pleurisy occurs when the inflamed tissues rub together when you take a breath and the friction of the movement of the membranes touching each other causes pain. The underlying cause may be an infectious process, but it can also be caused by inflammation of the tissues from other causes.
Can severe hypoalbuminemia lead to pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema?
There are two opposing forces controlling the movement of fluid from the blood into the interstitial compartment. One is the force of pressure which is driven by the heart and blood pressure which acts to push liquid into the lungs. The other force is osmosis which acts to keep liquid in the blood. The albumin in the blood increases the concentration of solutes in the blood and the water stays in the blood because of this. So hypoalbuminemia lowers the concentration of solutes in the blood and upsets the balance of forces to favor the movement of liquid into the interstitial compartment causing systemic oedema. however this does not generally happen in the lungs as the albumin concentration in the pulmonary interstitial fluid tends to follow that of the blood meaning oncotic forces are less important. So the answer is not usually.
