Pulmonary Health

Clear lung apices refer to the uppermost portions of the lungs that are free from any abnormal findings on imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans. This term is often used to indicate that there are no signs of lung disease, infection, or other abnormalities in the apex regions of the lungs. It suggests that the lung tissue in these areas appears normal and healthy.

No, the "pneumonia vaccine" is to protect against several types of pneumonia that are common and will not protect against the A-H1N1/09 virus. See related questions below.

I think you mean quinine water, which is better known as tonic water or just plain "tonic". It's usually served in alcoholic beverages like a "gin and tonic", etc and can be found in the section of the grocery store where wine is sold. As far as how much to take for leg cramps, as far as I can tell, the therapeutic dose is anywhere from 200 to 500 mg, but you have to careful of quinine's adverse effects. I do not know what all of them are, but in therapeutic doses, you really do need to be careful. Some include: diarrhea, constipation and erectile dysfunction, but it also seems that cardiac arrest might be a concern as well as pulmonary edema (fluid forming in the lungs). However, I read that there are (approximately) 20mg of active quinine in one 8 oz. glass of Schweppe's (the most well known brand of tonic water), so in order to get a therapeutic dose, you'd have to drink a fair amount of tonic water. However, I read of several people who seem to have done well on just 16 oz. or so of tonic water. They claim to have seen their leg cramps clear up nicely by drinking this amount before bed.

Be aware, however, that quinine is very, very bitter, so tonic water will not taste like club soda or just plain water. You may want to combine it with juice (grape seed extracts are known to lessen pain, so you might try grape juice) and drink it that way.

Basically smoking, as the most common cause of emphysema is smoking itself.

withdrawals from terbutaline is possible

A non-estrogen hormonal method or a non-hormonal method is best after PE.

Place a tee and mouth piece together and place into the hole in the mask with the neb in the tee.

Guaifenesin is probably the best OTC expectorant. However, there are other options. Increasing water intake will thin secretions, as long as there are no medical conditions that require limiting fluid intake. An increase in humidity can also help. Using, specifically, an ultrasonic nebulizer adds water to the respiratory system in a very gentle and effective way.

Basically cigarette smoking

Yes, a person can have multiple pulmonary embolisms. They can have many small ones, or just one and can occur in just one lung, or both at the same time.

Many sources agree that pet scans are effective in finding cancer. These scans are said to help determine the location of tumors and whether or not they have spread.

The biggest risk of a Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is that the person suffering may die.

The biggest risk of a Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is that the person suffering may die.

A pathological diagnosis defined as the permanent destructive enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, resulting in loss of alveolar surface area and reduction of oxygen exchange. Scarring of the lungs, usually caused by pollutants. At one point it was determined that over 95% of all people with emphysema were smokers. Just about everyone else had been working in an environment that had severely toxic pollutants. Smoking causes a temporary paralysis of the cilia in the lungs. Cilia are the fine, hair-like structures that are constantly in motion to move toxic particles out of the lungs. When the cilia are paralyzed, toxic particles can stay in one place and cause irritation. The irritation eventually turns to scar tissue and/or cancer. Smoking one cigarette can cause paralysis of the cilia for about an hour. It's as though cigarettes were specifically designed to cause emphysema. They have the toxic stubstances and they have a method of keeping the substances in contact with the lungs.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases. It makes it difficult to breathe. There are two main forms of COPD: Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus; Emphysema, which involves destruction of the lungs over time.

A mechanical breath delivered by the ventilator can be initiated either through a detected change in the flow in the circuit, or a detected negative pressure (so flow trigger or pressure trigger)

The right ventricle contracts and pumps the de-saturated blood through the pulmonary valve, and into the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.

can air bubbles on the brain kill you

Cyanosis is the appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen. Cyanosis is divided into two main types: Central (around the core, lips, and tongue) and Peripheral (only the extremities or fingers). Central cyanosis is often due to a circulatory or ventilatory problem that leads to poor blood oxygenation in the lungs. It develops when arterial saturation drops to ≤85% or ≤75% (in dark-skinned individuals). Acute cyanosis can be a result of asphyxiation or choking, and is one of the surest signs that respiration is being blocked. Peripheral cyanosis is the blue tint in fingers or extremities, due to inadequate circulation. The blood reaching the extremities is not oxygen rich and when viewed through the skin a combination of factors can lead to the appearance of a blue color. All factors contributing to central cyanosis can also cause peripheral symptoms to appear, however peripheral cyanosis can be observed without there being heart or lung failures. Small blood vessels may be restricted and can be treated by increasing the normal oxygenation level of the blood.

12-16 beats per minute is average so...

720-960 beats per hour

17,280-23,040 per day

A normal respiratory rate is somewhere around 8-14 breaths per minute. Given 1,440 minutes in a day, and assuming a normal respiratory rate of say 12 breaths per minute, and that respiratory rate doesn't vary much throughout the day, you'd have 12 * 1,440 = 17,280 breaths in a day. Of course these assumptions break down when considering a real person doing real things (eg, what would happen in exercise?), the number at least gets you in the ballpark.

17,280-23,040 per day

The average person takes about 15 breaths a minute. So, 15 x 60 (minutes in an hour)= 900 x 24 (hours in a day) = 21,600.

Depending on the circumstances, the average person in- and exhales 12 times per minute 0.5 litres of air. 12 times 0.5 makes 6 litres of air per minute. Thus 60 times (1 hour) 24 times (1 day) 6 litres results in 8640 litres of air in 1 day. This is done in 17280 breaths per day.

It depends on how advanced your COPD is, the more advanced, the more closely it is to your Oxygen (O2) blood saturation. In more advanced cases, your respiratory drive will switch from O2 and to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) such that oxygen will be toxic to you (will depress your respiratory drive). For a normal, healthy individual, pCO2 is 35-45mm HG. I've seen it rise as high as 130mm HG, at which time patient is extremely somnolent and difficult to arouse.

Arterial Blood Gas, which is a test commonly performed for such a feat, will have partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2) and partial pressure of O2 (pO2) on it, amongst other helpful dignostic values.

If your COPD is well-managed, you should still have check-ups with your pulmonologist. However, if you have decreased level of consciousness, get out of breath more easily, if you're using your short-acting puffers more frequently, if your sputum changes color, thickness, smell, if your temperature >37.5 Celsius x3 days, go to the emergency department immediately.

Yea, you should get to the doctor to get that cleared up. Here is more from WikiAnswers contributors: * That's a pretty clear sign of infection, but the good news is that your body coughing up the phlegm means it's fighting and ridding itself of the infection. Be patient, pamper yourself, and be careful about taking medications that suppress symptoms -- they may help you feel better but those symptoms are your body fighting the infection, so you don't want to get too much in its way. * Don't assume you need antibiotics. Antibiotics are overused, and you could develop a resistance to them. Then when you really need one, it could be ineffective. Check out the Web MD link for a New England Journail article on antibiotics for a chest cold. It sounds like bronchitis, get to the doctor =))

Yes

Your mom did so lol ™

As your loved one approaches the end stage of pulmonary fibrosis, you may observe increasing difficulty in breathing, fatigue, and a decline in overall physical strength. They may experience episodes of anxiety or confusion due to reduced oxygen levels. Comfort measures, such as supplemental oxygen and palliative care, can help alleviate distress. Emotional support for both the patient and family members is crucial during this challenging time.

cos your a F***ing idiot